you went to the store to buy bleach for clothes.On the shelves are bottles of different colors and sizes, but the hand instinctively takes a container of "whiteness" - perhaps the most popular among housewives bleach.And then on the way to the cashier you want to read his composition."Water, then-se ... What is a sodium hypochlorite?"- That the standard of thought committed it stumbled on an unfamiliar name.In today's article I will satisfy your curiosity.
Determination
Sodium hypochlorite (formula NaOCl) is an inorganic compound, a sodium salt of hypochlorous acid.It can also be called "labarrakovoy / zhavelevoy water," or simply "sodium hypochlorite".
Properties
This connection takes the form of an unstable colorless crystalline substance that is easily decomposed even at room temperature.During this process, oxygen is liberated, and if the temperature conditions to increase to 70 ° C, the reaction is accompanied by explosion.Dissolved in water, sodium hypochlorite - is a very strong oxidant.Ate added thereto, hydrochloric acid, then the formed water, sodium chloride and the chlorine gas.And in the reaction of carbon dioxide with the cooled solution now being discussed by diluting agent hypochlorous acid.
sodium hypochlorite
This compound was prepared in the reaction of chlorine gas with sodium hydroxide diluted with water.To this mixture is separated from the sodium chloride, it was cooled to 0 ° C, then it falls as a sludge.If further keep the sodium hypochlorite solution at low temperature (-40 ° C) and then crystallized at -5 ° C, then the process is completed pentahydrate form of sodium hypochlorite.For obtaining pure crystalline salt of the need to dehydrate in vacuum in the presence of sulfuric acid.However, in this process, sodium hydroxide is successfully replaced by its carbonate.Then the reaction products will not only be a solution of a substance and sodium chloride, but also hydrogen the same metal.Now discussing the substance obtained in the interaction of calcium hypochlorite with sodium carbonate.These methods it is produced in the laboratory.But in the industrial production of sodium hypochlorite techniques are quite different.There he performed in two ways: chemical - using chlorination hydroxide dissolved in the water of this element - and electro - thanks to the electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution.Each of these processes has its own quirks of, but more study at the institute.
Application
This substance is an essential component in the industry.This is easier rasskazatat using table:
| Branch application | What role it plays NaOCl |
| Household chemicals | disinfectant and antibacterial agent |
| bleach fabric | |
| solvent deposits of various substances | |
| Industry | industrial bleach fabrics, wood pulp and other materials |
| tool for industrial disinfection and sanitary giginicheskoy processing | |
| disinfection and purification of drinking water | |
| decontamination of industrial effluents | |
| synthesissubstances | |
| Medicine | antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial agent, which is treated with the skin, mucous membranes and wounds |
Conclusion
above have been given only the main areas where the use of sodium hypochlorite.It occupies 91% of the production of these compounds on the market.Without this substance does not do, and many other industries.But sodium hypochlorite because of its toxicity requires very careful handling.
