The highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin - Tower is the central north-western section of the walls, leaving the Alexander Garden.It is called the Trinity, is the travel and the second largest.The tower is crowned with a ruby star, and once on it, as well as on the Spassky vezhe (Old Russian name), chimes hanging.
ancient white-stone Kremlin
More Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy in the years 1366-1368 were replaced by wooden walls of the Kremlin.The material from which to build new fortifications and towers, often was a bright limestone or "white stone", which was so rich in the central regions of Russia.Hence the ancient and the designation of Moscow - "white stone".However, the building material was fragile and dilapidated fortifications.Restoration work was carried out on a regular basis, so that there is plenty of evidence in the chronicles.For example, in 1462 the Moscow merchant Vasily Dmitrievich Yermolin, who at the time supervised all construction work at the national level, has been an overhaul of the wall portion of the gate to Sviblovo Borovitsky strelnitsa.To answer the question "which of the towers of the Kremlin is the highest", you need to know about all the details, including the general reconstruction of the walls and towers, which, despite the overhaul continued to "go."For this reason, Ivan III the Great, enlarged, by the way, the size of the Moscow principality 6 times in the last third of the XV century, a decree was issued, resulting in the execution of which the Moscow Kremlin, its walls and towers underwent radical restructuring.
New Kremlin red brick
To achieve its goal the Grand Duke of Moscow invites well-known masters of Italian architecture, which led to the 1485 analysis begins pryasel white stone (the area between the two towers), walls and towers themselves.For ten years, on-site parsed fortifications were built new, this time of brick.During this renovation, the area has been increased by the addition of the Kremlin area in the northwest of the fortress.And now it was 27.5 hectares, and took the form of irregular triangle.It outlines the current fortress.The work was led by the Italians.Therefore there is nothing surprising in the fact that the upper end of the walls, decorated with battlements, all Veigy (Old Russian name), including the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin, is very much like the Italian castles - Scaligero in Verona and Milan's Sforza Castle.
towers of the fortress
Total Moscow Kremlin has 20 towers.Three corners - Vodovzvodnaya, Beglemishevskaya and Corner Arsenal - tower-section round, while the rest, including the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin - the square.Of the total ensemble, aged mainly in one style, highlighted Nikolskaya Tower, facing the Red Square, which in 1812 the French blew up.When the reconstruction work carried out by the project OI Bove, she gave her gothic look and painted white.All vezhi shape and height different from each other.So what are the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin?Trinity.What is it and where?What is its history?
fryazhskie architects
A total renovation of the Kremlin was involved Aleviz Fryazin (Milanese), arrived in Moscow in 1494.In 1495 he participated in the construction of walls and towers along the river Neglinnaya.Stone Chamber were also built under his leadership (1499-1508 years).In 1508 he built a dam on the river flows along the north-western part of the Kremlin wall.Thanks to them the water level in the river rose so much to fill the moat created along the wall overlooking the Red Square.Its from 1508 to 1516 under the direction of the Milanese dug.And they also built the tallest tower north of the Moscow Kremlin.
should be noted that Fryazin - is not a name, a nickname that was given to all Western Russian specialists who came from southern Europe.It comes from a distorted word "franc".Because of this, it was often confusion.Aleviz Fryazin Old Aleviz Fryazin Milanese and Aloisio da Karezano (or Carcano) - are one and the same person, to build a tower Trinity and Bon Fryazin erected belfry "Ivan the Great".At the same time, Ivan III invited to Moscow another Aleviz Fryazino, but Venitsiantsa or New.They even have a common name - fryazhskie architects.In addition to these "Fryazinov" or "fryagov" invited by Ivan III the Great, were Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari, respectively, Mark and Peter Fryazinov.
Kremlin fortifications
So, the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin was constructed from 1495 to 1499 years Aleviz Fryazin Milanese.And the very first fortification of the Kremlin - Taynitskaya Tower (center in the southern part of the Kremlin wall) - was launched July 14, 1485.After that, the tower were put into operation almost every year.The latest - Imperial Tower - built in 1680.Special words deserve walls of the Kremlin, including marching along the river Neglinnaya.In the center of the northern segment is the highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin.The total length of the walls is 2235 meters, the height varies from 5 to 19 m. The walls thickness from 3.5 to 6.5 m had a pass-through initially, but then in some areas littered with debris.
unique wall
towers are separated by a certain distance, which could overcome the aisle, laid on top of the wall.Its width reaches where 2, and where and 4 meters.Outside, it was protected by two-horned teeth whose height is 2-2.5 m, and thickness - 0,65-0,7 m. Total number of protective teeth along the perimeter, just 1045 pieces.Archers who are on the wall, from the yard were covered parapet wall.Initially passage covered gable canopy under which you can take shelter in bad weather, and he covered the wall itself from the ravages of rain and snow.This roof burned in the XVIII century, and most of it is not reduced.
history titles
As the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin called the Trinity, it is necessary to find out why it was given such a name, especially since initially it magnified the Epiphany, then Rizpolozhenskii later Znamenskaia and Kuretnoy and current title she won only in 1658by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich in connection with staying in the territory of the Kremlin Trinity farmstead.Previous names were associated with the churches of the Kremlin and the nearby the royal coach house.
most original
The highest tower of the Kremlin (photo attached) has the following parameters: from the Alexander Garden, built where before there was a river Neglinnaya, climbed into the pipe, the height of Veigy with the star of 80 meters, without - 76.35on the inside - respectively 69.3 and 65.65 m. This tower Passage.Her gates since its inception and up to the end of XVII is considered the second most important after the Spassky.
They served for the passage to the courts of queens, princesses and patriarch.In 1516, the tower of the Trinity across the Neglinnaya River was spanned by a bridge that ended discharge strelnitsa or Barbican, called in this case Kutafya Tower.It served as fortifications in the first place to further protect the gate.It is the only surviving tower of the Kremlin bridgehead.Going by her Troitsky Bridge, according to some experts on the history of Moscow, built on the site of the first stone buildings of this capital, which was built in XIV century.
second largest
What is the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin, and why not the main Savior?Obviously, at some period of Soviet history, the significance of the Trinity Gates added that it was through them March 12, 1918 in the Kremlin, Lenin arrived.Through the Trinity Gates came here Napoleon, through them he ran from the Kremlin.Returning with a victory over the kings were too Trinity Bridge, then they solemnly escorted to the Spassky Gate.Initially, the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin (photo attached) has played in the history of all Moscow's significant role.It is the highest, but not major because they do not go out to Red Square.
Similarities and differences
With the end of construction of the tower was completed to create fortifications of all the north-western section of the wall - this side of the Kremlin became impregnable.A huge tower at the top ended teeth, wooden tent was hipped.The documents from 1585, this tower was the chimes, which equates its resemblance to the Saviour.In addition, both were set double-headed eagles, and the Russian coat of arms on the Trinity was older, assembled from several pieces bolted.And when in 1685 was built on top of the multi-tiered stone tent and high, white towers, the other white stone decoration, similar to the main Spassky tower has become very large.Yes, a year later the new chimes hung (when they are burned in the fire of Moscow in 1812, they are no longer reduced).
elements of church architecture
On the question of which of the towers of the Kremlin is the highest, you can answer: that which is crowned with a quadrangular octagon available through smotritelnuyu part.What does it mean?The term "octagon on the quadrangle" is a type of architectural composition, mainly church buildings.Octagonal or octagonal configuration of floor stands at tetrahedral and more broad-based.This composition seemed aspiring to heaven, giving dynamism to the construction, it was, in turn, is a prominent feature of the Moscow baroque.In the churches of noble estates housed in octagonal bell, naturally, he was not glazed and browse through.Trinity Tower, the upper tiers which have been built on this type looked very nice from the current Alexander Garden.This was facilitated by the fact that the corners and strelnitsa housed various turrets and pinnacles.Some of them were removed in the expansion of loopholes in 1707 because of the looming threat of Swedish invasion.Part - on arrival at the Trinity Tower archive of the Ministry of the Imperial Court.She was even rebuilt to expand.
huge, eight-storey
The highest tower of the Kremlin in Moscow has six overground and two underground floors.Deep cellars were initially defensive and military purposes.Then, in XVI-XVII century, these cellars have been turned into a prison.Sami these deep underground floors were discovered in 1851.Throughout its existence, Troitskaya Tower used in different ways.He was here until 1895 archive of the Imperial Court, and now it housed the Presidential Orchestra.
Kremlin stars
In addition, the highest tower of the Kremlin in Moscow - one of the five crowned with stars.Borovitskaya Spasskaya and Nikolskaya and Vodovzvodnaya - that's four towers, in which the arms were replaced by the Imperial Russian stars.In accordance with the coat of arms it is also possible to ask very pertinent in the quiz: "Which of the towers of the Kremlin is the highest?" The answer would be: the one on which there was until 1935 the oldest (time Exaltation - 1830) two-headed eagle.The "youngest" (1912) was at the Spassky.And replace a star first.The first stars were gold-plated semi-precious and very heavy - weighing up to a ton.Therefore, the roof of the Spasskaya, and Trinity towers Borovetskoy previously strengthened.However, semi-precious star quickly faded, and in 1937 decided to replace them with luminous stars of ruby glass.
uniqueness of the Kremlin towers
How else can answer the question about what the tallest tower of the Moscow Kremlin?If you look at the layout plan, you will see that it is the 15th of the Spasskaya Tower Vezhi (numbering is counterclockwise) and has the highest - Trinity, one departs from her bridge.Each of the 20 vezh Kremlin is unique, has its own history, and to describe them at least superficially, one article is not enough.
