on the territory of the Apennine peninsula statehood arose quite early.Long before our era, these lands were the ancient kingdom of the Etruscans and Latins.Forms of government of Italy changed from century to century.There was also the republic and the monarchy.Prior to 476 ADItaly became the center of the mighty Roman Empire, whose territory stretched from North Africa to the British Isles, from the Atlantic to the Black Sea coast.It was during this public education has developed the so-called Roman law.It still serves as the basis of modern jurisprudence.
historical continuity
With the fall of the Roman Empire, the inhabitants of the peninsula still feel the successors of the great powers.Not only the ancient right of the state is the basis to write Kutyumov (Legal Code), but also a form of government.Italy as a state does not exist yet, but great thirst associations in the Second Rome.However, the capital of the Western Empire becomes Aachen and East - Constantinople.Itself Italy was fragmented into many states.And the forms of social and political controls are very different from each other - from urban communes and republics to the feudal duchies and principalities.Highlights the Papal States, in whose territory the Roman pontiff was not only a religious ruler, but also a secular lord.
Italy and "Spring of Peoples»
political fragmentation of the country has led to numerous attacks on its territory from the warlike neighbors - Austria, France and Spain.She also became the target of attacks by the Ottoman Empire.By the middle of the XIX century, a lot of the territory of modern Italy was captured Austro-Hungarian Empire."Spring of Nations" (1840) spawned Piedmontese Statute, adopted under the auspices of King Charles Albert in Turin.It ulozhenie named later named creator Albertinsky constitution, became the basis of modern forms of government in Italy.
referendum in 1946
Albertinsky Since the constitution can be changed by members of parliament, in 1922, legislation was reformed, and Italy has become a fascist dictatorship.After the Second World War in the referendum, which was held June 2, 1946, residents abandoned the monarchical form of government in Italy. Since the beginning of 1948 came into force a new Constitution of the Republic, which operates to this day.
modern Italy
form of government in this country - a parliamentary republic.Head of state - the president - played a nominal role.All legislative power is exercised by Parliament.This body consists of two levels: the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.The Italian Government - Council of Ministers - exercises executive power.The largest powers vested Prime.President is elected by the Parliament.His acts are also limited by the countersignature premiere or the relevant ministry.Another branch in Italy represents the Constitutional Court, 15 of whose members are appointed by the President, Parliament and the supreme bodies of general and administrative jurisdiction.Form of government of Italy has the specificity that the Chamber of Deputies are elected by the entire population, divided into districts according to the census, and dividing the sum by 630 (the number of seats in the Parliament of this level).Senators represent the 20 regions of Italy.
