Everyone in one way or another loves himself.And rightly so, fine.However, such events often turn a certain framework and the identity say "daffodil."What is it in this statement, the term "narcissism" - what is it and when to use it correctly - all this and I want to tell in detail in this article.
Designation term
The first thing to understand the concept.Thus, narcissism - what is it?At the outset I want to say that the term comes from the Greek boys - Narcissus (according to mythology), who always admired is to complete ecstasy and died of this love (as a sign of punishment for having rejected the love of a beautiful nymph).If the transition to the scientific language, then this state - is a kind of character traits (it refers to the negative), which is full of narcissism.It should be said that in psychiatry there is no single precise, correct designation of this state, because often it is viewed in two different variations:
- as a defensive reaction against the attitude unfavorable to man.
- As a manifestation of hostility towards the people around them.
academics
What scientists have studied the phenomenon of narcissism?Freud and Abraham - these are the people, whose works have repeatedly referred to this concept.It is said that they studied it in parallel, is actively leading the correspondence, and later more closely communicating with each other about it.For example, Freud (who borrowed the term from Paul Nacka and Havelock Ellis, treating him as a person's perception of their own body as a sexual object) said that any manifestation of narcissism - a payment sufficient for the person mother love (mother-love), which is shown here insuch wondrous narcissistic characters.
What did Abraham about such a concept as "narcissism"?What is it from his point of view?Thus, he considered this condition in patients with schizophrenia, who turned away from any other love and totally focused on himself.This state had yet to name autoerotism, which is very pleasant to Freud.He decided to develop it further, to describe all the ideas in the article "On Narcissism," work "Introduction to narcissism" and so on. D.
little more about Freud
It is said even that Freud singled primary narcissism and secondary.What does this mean?In short, the primary form of the state - it is a natural stage of development of each individual person that occurs in early infancy and is a normal way of object relations (according to Freud).Secondary narcissism is (according to the statements of the scientific figure) is regressive, that is. E. As a man of love chooses you.About
kinds
Analyzing the concept of "narcissism" (what it is and how to use it), you should pay attention to the fact that there are several types of phenomena.In addition, there are several classifications submitted by different scientists on the matter.The first of these is composed of Gestalt therapist Elinor Greenberg:
- Healthy narcissism.When a person is sufficiently loves himself, this state does not pass a certain line and is not narcissism.This kind of self-confidence, desire for power, delight.This foundation is a normal healthy childhood with well-formed value judgments about themselves and others.
- Protective narcissism.We can say that this sense of superiority that does not correspond to reality.As an example: the desire for power at any cost, frequent changes of objectives, the substitution of ideals.At the heart often is "unhealthy" traumatic childhood from a psychological point of view.
- pathological narcissism.Often found in people with a variety of mental illnesses or disorders, for example, such as schizophrenia.
Forms: different classification
Yet it should be said that this problem often plays a decisive role the unconscious, that is. E. That comes from childhood.And basically destructive narcissism is a phenomenon that blocks the development of "self-identity" of man.
- constructive narcissism.We can say that this recognition of worth as a person, based on healthy interpersonal relationships.If we take the above classification, the so-called healthy or normal narcissism.
- destructive.This pathological narcissism structural distortion, which leads to the fact that the person is simply wrong or adequately assess themselves in relation to others.
- the deficit.It is said that this underdeveloped state of constructive narcissism.It is a certain inability to fully enjoy the self-sufficiency, autonomy, inability to form a complete, holistic view of their personality.The cause of this condition is often cold and indifferent atmosphere in the family during the formation of the person and the first steps of integrating into society.
components daffodils
It is said that in 2007 scientists Foster and Campbell was made a review of various literature on the topic of "narcissism."Signs of narcissistic personality - that's a very interesting classification, provided their findings:
- People with this mental disorder think they are better than others.
- Such persons adequately evaluate themselves in relation to others, their vision does not correspond to reality.
- daffodils tend to greatly overestimate their knowledge in a particular area.
- Persons with this disorder see themselves solely as a unique and special people.
- If there is a choice between the interests, narcissus necessarily choose their own, putting them above other people.
- daffodils often an end in itself is a success.
- daffodils tend to show their superiority over others.
Such negative qualities
It is said that narcissism in nature - it is a disease, the deviation in the human psyche.However, there are similar conditions which are inherent in people who are on the way to the disorder.So what are the negative qualities similar to this disorder?So, first of all it's pride.One of the deadly sins of the religious version, when a person is able to exalt yourself too, their successes and achievements.A second similar quality - narcissism.This is the first step toward narcissism, which, however, may remain the only one.Man loves himself so much, just his personality correlates poorly with others, efficiently allocating only himself.
What other negative qualities can be considered?So, it is self-confidence.In normal amounts is good, but the pathological self-confidence - this is a state close to the disorder in the psyche.In everyday life the concept of narcissism often correlates exactly with these negative qualities inherent in this or that person.
impact on the lives
It should be said that narcissism (as the first stage of its existence, and later) the full impact on human life.It is said that this personality disorder (as, indeed, and other similar disorders) characterized by three features:
- It fully affects all spheres and areas of human activity.
- This disorder is not uhodyasche-coming, it is stable over time.
- Narcissism at least accompanied by the obligatory social maladjustment.
The reasons for
How narcissism arises?Psychologists, psychiatrists say that the causes lie in early childhood man, namely his relationship with his mother.Predisposition, of course, may be genetic, but still the most important are the first months of life.Various hardships, trials certainly left a very deep mark on the soul of the child and lead to deformation of the core "self-identity".As a result, self-esteem of the child remains in the bud, it all leads to the formation of pessimistic setting, and the target person in the future is a constant maintenance of self-esteem (the personality is not formed).However, it should be said that the earliest communication of mothers and children - even in utero - this is one of the earliest phases of the formation of the child's narcissism complex (desire whether the child, as the mother happy pregnancy and so on. D.).If the mother and baby are united in their love, parents are paying crumbs enough time and care to help adapt to the "big world", we can say with certainty that a person is unlikely to have problems with "self-identification".
