production specialization - social division of labor, expressed in the division of the old industries, workers in the sector and the creation of new industries.It appears deepening deepening public of any legal proceedings.It is considered that the specialization of production - is inherently virtually endless process, as well as scientific and technical progress.It is this progress and the increase in the scale of production are the most important factors of its recess.This process is common to all sectors of production and non-productive sphere.By increasing the number of separate, independent branches is a division manufactures various products, as well as reducing the range of products of the same type in the course of increasing the scale of its production on those enterprises which together form a specific industry.
specialization of production in any industry is complemented by specialization of its constituent companies in the production of technologically and structurally the same type of products.The most important feature is its kind produced marketable products.General indicators of industry specialization - increase in the number of separate, independent branches, most of which include various sub-sectors and industrial production.Increased number of specific industries is carried out not only in the separation of heterogeneous production of finished products, but also in parts and components of finished products, some operations in the production process.
Specialization of production, depending on which group manufactures in separate a separate branch is divided into the following main types:
1. Subject (engineering and automobile factories, sewing and shoe factories).
2. Exploded view (factories automotive pistons, bearings, construction details, mounting hardware).
3. Stages or process (forging, casting, assembly plants).
most widespread specialization of the first kind - objective.In engineering, the most heavily developed detailed hotel specialization.The transformation of plants with specialization in the subject of the enterprise, which is inherent in the assembly type of production involves the creation of a network of enterprises with advanced technology and specialization in parts.
Agricultural production specialization takes place, taking into account social, economic and demographic factors, as well as the specifics of the production of (biological properties of plants and animals, natural environment, features of cultivation, labor and material resources, vehicles).That is why a large number of households are combined enterprises in which there are several sectors with different economic value.They point out the major commodity sectors, which provide preferential development, and more, which have a small share in the produced commodity products.The agricultural production also has utility and service and manufacturing industries.
material basis of production specialization is a division of tools.Its development is carried out in conjunction with the formation of technology, increasing the scale of production, increase the range of products, parts commonality, standardization of products, the professional division of labor.
International specialization of production - the basis of the geographical division of social labor.She appeared in the times of occurrence of the first farms producing marketable products and the start of commercial exchange.It is currently being implemented with the help of foreign trade.
