credit - is the provision of money (or goods) in debt with interest payments.Its main printsipy- is urgency, repayment and retribution.The emergence of this economic category is related to the exchange and circulation of capital.
functions loan exist general and selective nature.
redistributive function .Market conditions require a constant flow of capital.Loan capital redistributes available financial resources between the spheres of economic activity, moving them from one branch to the other, which provide higher margins.Thus, it appears natural macroregulator entire economy, providing additional resources dynamically developing sectors of the economy.In order to loan capital could promote the formation of market distortions, these functions are regulated by the state loan.The government estimates the economic priorities from the perspective of national interests, not only benefits individual businesses.
acceleration of the concentration of capital .The concentration of capital is necessary for the stability of economic development.Borrowings allow to expand the scale of production and to provide additional income.However, at the stage of an economic downturn such resources because of their high cost used irrationally.
saving distribution costs .The source of loan capital are the resources that are temporarily dropping out of the industrial and trade capital.This gap between receipt of funds and their expenditure by business entities can lead both to an excess and a lack of financial resources.Therefore, loan capital up for a temporary shortage of own working capital and accelerate capital turnover, and, consequently, helps to save costs in the general circulation.
acceleration of scientific and technological progress .The most vivid illustration of this function is reflected in the financing of scientific and technical activity of the organizations, which is particularly characteristic of the gap between capital investment and sales of these products.
Service turnover .In this function, it affects the credit and trade, and cash flow.In fact, it displaces cash from circulation, bringing tools such as credit cards, checks, promissory notes.Replacing cash settlements on a cashless basis, it simplifies and accelerates economic relations on the market.In this function, the most important role credit plays a commercial loan capital.
forms and functions of credit linked with nature.If the functions of credit expressed profound meaning of regulation of the economy with the help of its mechanism, the form refers to specific external manifestation of the credit relationship.
Depending on who is the borrower and the lender, allocate such forms as bank, commercial, mortgage, consumer, government, inter-farm, interbank and international credit.
form determines the composition of the participants, facilities loans, the amount of interest, the dynamics and scope of operation of the loan capital.
Bank provided by any financial institution or bank to physical and legal persons, state and foreign customers in the form of cash loans.
Commercial - selling one enterprise to another of goods with deferred payment.
Mortgage - it is a loan secured by real estate, which is issued for the construction or purchase of housing, the purchase of land.
Consumer usually provided by trading companies and by financial institutions for the acquisition of public goods and services with installment payments.
Interbank occurs in the provision of commercial banks lend to each other, or take them from the State Bank.
State divided into state credit as such and public debt.In the first case, state lending institutions to lend to certain sectors of the economy.The latter - the state borrows money from credit and financial institutions to finance the budget deficit and public debt payment.Therefore, the functions of state credit may differ.
intereconomic - the provision of funds loaned by various business entities.
International - the movement of loan funds in the field of international economic relations for the provision of commodity and foreign exchange reserves.
