Formation philosophy of Ancient Greece took place in the sixth and fifth centuries BC.During this period there are "wise men" who are trying to rationalize what was told ancient myths.It is believed that the development of this process due to the fact that the commercial and industrial segment of the population, which has become a struggle for power with the landed aristocracy and the transition to a democratic type of government, to develop their own world view.At the root of this "naive and spontaneous" thinking was the so-called Milesian school of philosophy.
Traditionally, this area is considered to be the founder of Thales.He lived at the end of the first half of the seventh-sixth century BC.Thales believed that all things have a single source.They call it water.This is not just a liquid or substance.On the one hand, the water for the philosopher - an environment in which "holds" our world, that is, the Earth.On the other - it is reasonable, "God."The whole world in terms of the direction of the founder, who later became known as the Milesian school of philosophy, filled with souls.Recent almost equal deities, and give the body to make the source of their intellectual development.Water Thales also plays a huge role in epistemology.Since everything can be reduced to a single top, it is the foundation of all knowledge.And it contributes to this search for a wise and correct choice.
What else were the representatives of the Milesian school of philosophy?We know Anaximander, who studied with Thales.We know the title of his work, which bears the name "On Nature".That is why the philosophers of ancient Greece, reaching in his footsteps, have come to define as the natural philosophers.Anaximander was the first who came to the conclusion that the basis of all things can not be any specific substance, but something all-encompassing, the endless, ever-moving.He called this category "apeiron".Milesian school of philosophy in the face of Anaximander even put forward the idea that a man could appear on earth as a result of evolution.However, he talks about this very naive.The philosopher believed that the first man was born in the belly of a huge fish, where it grew.And then he went out and began to exist independently, continue their family.
Milesian school of philosophy was most interested in the origin and the basis of existence and life, that is ontology.Apprentice creator "Apeiron" Anaximenes returned to the beginning of the specification of a single whole.He considered that this air.After all, he - the most vague and faceless all four of the known elements.To some extent, this thinker followed his teacher, because it determines the air as "apeyros" - beskochechny.And on its properties and is that Anaximander saw, that is an eternity, the constant movement and the pervasive effects.Thus, "Apeiron" - is the quality of the air, and not a separate substance.Echoing Thales, Anaximenes saw the first elements of its source not only of matter but also souls.The latter have even more "air" qualities - they are not as earthy as the body, and therefore can work and create new and great.So, that's the Milesian school of philosophy.Briefly outlined the basic provisions thereof.However, these three of its representatives did not end the history of the school.Its main, fundamental provisions developed the philosophy of the other cities of Asia Minor, Ephesus.This is the famous Heraclitus.He summarized all the ideas of the first elements and the Milesians introduced into scientific discourse the term which we still use today.This "logo".It is the deepest foundation of existence and the purpose of all knowledge.Thus Heraclitus said that while all people are reasonable, higher understanding "Logos" is not given to everyone.This principle is supported in existence, but it is the material embodiment of the fire.It then flashes, then fades away, because everything in the world is transient.It is never repeated, but always volatile.Everything is from the contradictions that not only fight, but also support each other.The soul of man also came from a special fire, and its logo is unique - he is capable of self-development.Logos is also the source of the laws that men do, as it seeks to maintain order everywhere.
