One of the longest periods in the history of human thought - medieval philosophy.Patristic and scholastic are some of its most important stages.The first of these two terms refer to the works of the "fathers of the Church" from the early followers of the apostles to the 7-8 century thinkers.Consider the second philosophical phenomenon.
concept scholasticism borrowed from the Greek language.In itself it originally pointed to schooling.More precisely, the term refers primarily to educational institutions, opens on the money of the church budget.Teachers who work in them, called scholastics.Education in those days was based only on cramming feed material and maintain systems of punishment of children in schools.In addition, it was largely a religious nature.That is why educational institutions and opened at churches.Derivative terms from the Greek word "school" after a while began to call the whole system.Scholastica - a complex of phenomena that for centuries characterized the intellectual life of the Roman Catholic Church.This era is still divided into five major periods.The first of them - this is not scholastics, in a sense, but only its inception.He described the activities of a number of Catholic thinkers who have contributed to the intellectual awakening of interest in what happens in life.As a result, a host of schools, institutions and, accordingly, the students in them.The second period of the history of many researchers called the "golden age in the era of scholasticism."It began with the 13th century.Marked by the activities of a number of outstanding thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, Albert the Great and Bonaventure.Then came a period of sharp decline, when intellectual activity thinkers of the Catholic Church came to naught.With the advent of the Renaissance came the fourth stage.Outstanding thinkers in this period were: Francis Sylvester, Luis Molina, Domingo Banes and others.However, the spread of the ideas of Descartes and his followers it was for fading.New impetus to the development it has received in the middle of the nineteenth century.Since then began the fifth period of scholasticism.It lasts to this day.
Scholastica - a philosophical direction, created for the study of Church doctrine.Many Catholic doctrines hardly perceived.Therefore scholasticism - a philosophical direction, which is often used artificial, formal arguments to justify the tenets of the Catholic Church.Sometimes these arguments were, in fact, "sucked from the finger."In general, the material with which to work masters of Catholic thought, was far from real life.As example is the treatise Boethius "On the goodness of substances by virtue of their existence."Therefore, in this view of many people scholasticism - a kind of artificial teaching nowhere applicable in real life.Its main subject - these are questions of religion and theology.
Scholastica in philosophy - a system of reasoning is not based on the analysis of individual theses, such as was the custom in ancient thinkers, and on the analysis of language means that formulated these or other postulates.This partly explains the artificial manipulation of terms, impractical and dryness of the teaching.
