Materialism - is a philosophical current which denies the spiritual essence of things, relying primarily on the evolution of the external component in the genesis, in relation to a person of the world.The characteristic features of this approach is a complete denial of the existence of God and other higher substances.
In addition, for the materialists is important is not so much understanding of the essence of the processes occurring around many find logical and pseudo-scientific explanation of the origin, the existence of the physical space.In this sense, it can be argued that materialism - is the doctrine of the bodily world and the things in this world.For comparison: the idealism of his conception pervosuschnosti higher ideal (no matter in what form it remains) the main emphasis is on perfect self, the search for God within ourselves.In other words, representatives of materialism main category - the physical world as an objective reality, for the idealists - the human "I" as a spiritual projection of a higher power.
human mind and physics world
denial of the spiritual principle has led to the fact that materialists, since the Renaissance, it was necessary to somehow enter the human consciousness in evolutionary physics of everyday reality.And then there is a problem, as the Christian worldview can not completely deny the divine nature of man.The yield was found in the search for moral and ethical ideal - in this way went humanists, turning materialism in philosophy at the prototype of social and political theory.Later, the French thinkers have issued only tried and tested concept in protosovremennye theory of law and constitutionalism.Materialism - is ethics and law.So's value can be designated epoch 15-18 centuries.
Two approaches
Renaissance materialism clearly raised the question: what is primary and what is secondary?It turned out that materialism - is not only a search for the general laws of nature, but also the definition more precise, firsthand understanding of the world.Vulgar materialism sought primordial matter, in fact, he was a continuation of the Greek tradition (Democritus, Empedocles).Serial materialism proceeds from the principle of the mechanical explanation of the objective laws existing outside of human consciousness.However, paradoxically, it is consistent materialism transit through dialectical materialism has come to the conclusion that the phenomenological nature of matter.According to this logic, which ultimately paved the Vladimir Lenin, we find that the surrounding reality - it's just an idea that exists in our mind, and consciousness itself - an objective reality.And this, in turn, meant that the outside world can be constructed on his own image and likeness.As a result, the place of God took the man, which is especially evident in Soviet Marxism.
Cartesian doubt
In addition, we must not forget that the theory of materialism substantially changed after Descartes introduced his principle of doubt.It turned out that all the logical arguments of the materialists, however, as other philosophers do not go beyond logical circle: if the consciousness to recognize a part of the objective world, this knowledge of the objective world is only possible through the individual consciousness.Breaking the cycle - is to admit some things are not only objectively exist, but to believe in them.This means that the source of any materialistic conception is idealistic position of the philosopher himself.
