in 40-ies of the XIX century, there is a new class, to play a prominent role in the cultural and social life of the Russian Empire.The impact of this segment of the population in the coming years has been different and in the spheres of influence, and intensity.Star can be considered as the 60s of the XIX century, when it became known names such as Chernyshevsky, Repin, Dob, Pisarev, and others.
raznochinstva emergence of a subclass of the Russian Empire is at the end of the XVIII century.It was then in the official documents and personal correspondence appears the word "raznochinets."This is a fairly motley social group, which included descendants of the clergy, middle class, merchants and wealthy peasants.The new class also included the children of retired soldiers and officers, the descendants of personal nobility.
The prototype of the intelligentsia in the modern sense raznochinets - a representative of the democratic opposition to the middle of the XIX century.Social phenomenon is indicative of this phenomenon by the fact that every member of this class turned out to be commoner in the first generation.In this class of people fell, dropped out of other classes.In this regard, especially the clergy appeared generous.Descendants of the clergy among the commoners was so much that Herzen generation of the 60s gave the nickname "generation of seminarians."Lacking any equity or bonds, nor the earth, they, nevertheless, received a good education and were forced to live by their work.Raznochinets - a journalist, a doctor, an interpreter, free teacher, writer and publicist.Here is a basic list of professionals who elected the representatives of the new class.
rights and freedoms
social position of commoners was largely ambiguous.According to the definition by Dahl, raznochinets - a person exempt estates without personal nobility.Persons belonging to this class, has no right of ownership, but had a list of personal freedoms available only nobles.Usually commoners neglected public service, even though, as of the ranking, with the receipt of a rank they could claim to nobility.
Democratic formation
spirit of freedom and the lack of social roots among the commoners have become a source of new ideas in the transformation of the state of the Russian Empire.Democrats raznochintsi laid in state reorganization really fundamental changes, among them:
- the destruction of the existing world order;
- a new social order;
- education of the new man.
These ideas found expression in literary and artistic works.Heroes-proletariats are known to us from the works of Turgenev, Chernyshevsky, Dostoevsky.Declaring new values resulted in the movement of nihilism, and the desire to transform the existing order of things - in the emergence of many secret societies, aims to overthrow the state system.It is among the commoners gave birth to a whole generation of anarchists and revolutionaries, who at the beginning of the XX century became the basis for the revolutionary movement in Russia.
