Since the beginning of September 1939 ended the short-lived period of peace between the two great wars of the twentieth century.Two years later, under the rule of Nazi Germany it was a large part of Europe with a huge production and resource potential.
Slam was unleashed on the Soviet Union, for which the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).Summary of this period in the history of the Soviet Union can not express the scale of the suffering endured by the Soviet people and for its heroism.
eve of the military trials
revival of power in Germany, dissatisfied with the results of the First World (1914-1918), against aggression which came to power there Party headed by demoniac Adolf Hitler, with its ideology of racial superiority made the threat of a new war for the Soviet Union increasinglyreal.By the end of the 30's, these sentiments are increasingly penetrated into people, it's clearly understood and all-powerful leader of the vast country Stalin.
country is ready.People were leaving the construction sites in the eastern part of the country, in Siberia and the Urals military factories were built - doubles industries that were at the western borders.In the defense industry invested significantly greater financial, human and scientific resources than civil.To increase the results of work in the cities and in agriculture used ideological (Stakhanov movement) and rigid administrative tools (repressive laws on discipline in the factories and collective farms).
reforms in the army was the adoption of the law on universal conscription (1939) introduced the widespread military training.It was in the infantry, parachute clubs, aero-club at Osoaviahima began to study military science future soldiers-heroes of the Patriotic War of 1941-1945.Open new military schools, developed new types of weapons, formed fighting units progressive type: armored and airborne.But time is not enough, the combat readiness of the Soviet troops was in many respects lower than that of the Wehrmacht - the army of Nazi Germany.
brought great harm to the suspicion of Stalin against the power ambitions of the high command.It turned into a monstrous repression, mow up to two-thirds of the officer corps.There is a version of the planned provocation of the German military intelligence, substitute a blow many heroes of the civil war, victims of the purges.
foreign policy factors
Stalin and the leaders of the countries who wanted to limit the European hegemony of Hitler (England, France, USA), could not create before the war united anti-fascist front.Soviet leader in a bid to delay the war tried to contact with Hitler.This led to the signing in 1939 of the Soviet-German pact (agreement) of non-aggression, which also did not contribute to the convergence of anti-Hitler forces.
As it turned out, the government erred on the value of the peace agreement with Hitler.June 22, 1941 the Wehrmacht and the Luftwaffe without declaring war, attacked the western borders of the Soviet Union all over.It was a complete surprise for the Soviet troops and a strong shock for Stalin.
tragic experience
In 1940 Hitler approved the plan "Barbarossa".The plan to defeat the Soviet Union, capturing its capital set aside the three summer months.And at first the plan was carried out with precision.All participants of the war remember almost hopeless mood midsummer 1941.5.5 million German soldiers against the Russian 2.9 million, total superiority in armaments - in the past month and seized Belarus, Baltic States, Moldova, almost the whole Ukraine.The loss of Soviet troops - killed 1 million, 700 thousand. Captives.
notable was the superiority of the Germans in the mastery of command and control - affects the combat experience of the army, has held half of Europe.Skilful maneuvering surrounded and destroyed the whole group at Smolensk, Kiev, Moscow direction, begins the blockade of Leningrad.Stalin was displeased with the actions of their team and resorted to the usual repression - executed for treason General Pavlov, the commander of the Western Front.
national war
Still, Hitler's plans collapsed.USSR quickly got on a war footing.Created GHQ to control armies and a single control the whole country - the State Defense Committee, led by the all-powerful leader Stalin.
Hitler believed that Stalin's methods of leadership in the country, illegal repression of intellectuals, military, wealthy peasants and entire peoples will cause the collapse of the state, the emergence of a "fifth column" - as he was used to in Europe.But he miscalculated.
invaders hated man in the trenches, the woman at the bench, the elderly and young children.Wars of this magnitude affect the destiny of each person, and everyone is required to win challenging.Sacrifices for the common victory brings not only because of ideological motives, but also because of the innate patriotism, which had roots in pre-revolutionary history.
Battle of Moscow
first serious rebuff the invasion got under Smolensk.The heroic efforts of an offensive on the capital were detained there until the beginning of September.
By October tanks with crosses on the armor go to Moscow, with a view to capturing the Soviet capital before the cold weather.Comes the most difficult time of the Great Patriotic War.In Moscow, declared a state of siege (10/19/1941).
will forever remain in the history of the military parade on the anniversary of the October Revolution (07/11/1941) as a symbol of confidence that Moscow will be able to defend.The troops and people's militia were leaving Red Square straight to the front, which is 20 kilometers to the west.
example of resistance was the feat of the Soviet soldiers from the Red Army 28 division of General Panfilov.4:00 They detained a group of 50 tanks break at the junction Dubosekovo and killed, destroying 18 tanks.These heroes of the Patriotic War (1941-1945) - only a small part of the Immortal regiment of the Russian army.Such self-sacrifice gave rise to doubts as to the enemy victory, strengthening the courage of the defenders.
Remembering the events of the war, the commander of the Western Front near Moscow, Marshal Zhukov, whom Stalin began to push to the forefront, always marked critical defense of the capital in order to achieve victory in May 1945.Any delay in the enemy army made it possible to save strength for the counter-attack: Moscow were transferred to a fresh portion of the Siberian garrisons.Hitler planned to wage war in winter conditions, the Germans started to have problems with the supply of troops.By early December, there has been a turning point in the battle for the Russian capital.
Root
unexpected turn for the advance of the Red Army, Hitler (12.05.1941 g) threw the Germans on one hundred and fifty miles to the west.Nazi army suffered its first defeat in its history, victorious war plan has failed.
offensive continued until April 1942, but before the irreversible changes in the course of the war was far away: followed by a major defeat at Leningrad, Kharkov, Crimea, the Germans reached the Volga at Stalingrad.
When historians of any country mentioned the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), a summary of the events it is not without the Battle of Stalingrad.That the walls of the city bore the name of Hitler's arch-enemy, he got hit, it led eventually to the collapse.
defense of the city was often conducted hand to hand, for every piece of territory.Participants say the war unprecedented number of human and technical resources involved on both sides, and burnt in the fire of the battle of Stalingrad.The Germans lost a quarter of the troops - half a million bayonets, 2 million - our losses.
unprecedented resistance of the Soviet soldiers in the defense and uncontrollable rage in the attack, along with increased tactical prowess Command provided the environment and the captivity of 22 divisions of the 6th Army Field Marshal Paulus.The results of the second war winter shocked Germany and the whole world.History of the War of 1941-1945 changed the course, it became clear that the Soviet Union not only survived the first impact, but also inevitably cause a powerful enemy retaliation.
final stage of the fracture in the war
few examples of leadership talent of the Soviet command contains the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945).Summary of events in 1943 - a series of impressive wins Russian.
spring of 1943 began with a Soviet offensive on all fronts.The configuration of the front line jeopardized the environment Soviet Army in the Kursk area.The offensive of the Germans called "Citadel" was precisely this strategic goal, but the Red Army Command has provided enhanced defense alleged breakthrough in the field, while building up a reserve for the counter-offensive.
German offensive in early July failed to break through the Soviet defenses only areas to a depth of 35 km.The history of the war (1941-1945 years) knows the date of the start of the largest oncoming battle combat self-propelled machines.Sultry day in July, the 12th, in the desert near the village of Prokhorovka battle crews began 1,200 tanks.The Germans - the latest "Tiger" and "Panther", in Russian - the T-34 with a new, more powerful gun.Defeat of the Germans knocked out of the hands of Hitler's offensive weapons motorized corps and Nazi army launched a strategic defense.
By the end of August 1943 were repulsed Belgorod, Orel, and Kharkov was released.For the first years of the Great Patriotic War, the Red Army intercepted the initiative.Now the German generals had to guess where it will start fighting.
In the last year, military historians highlighted 10 critical operations that led to the liberation of the territory seized by the enemy.Until 1953, they were called "10 Stalin's blows."
Great Patriotic War (1941-1945): a summary of the military operations in 1944
- Removing the siege of Leningrad (January 1944).
- January-April 1944 .: Battle of the Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket, successful battles on the Right Bank Ukraine, March 26 - access to the border with Romania.
- liberation of Crimea (May 1944).
- defeat of Finland in Karelia, withdrawing from the war (June-August 1944).
- offensive four fronts in Byelorussia ("Operation Bagration").
- July-August - the battles in western Ukraine, Lvov-Sandomierz Offensive.
- Iasi-Kishinev operation, the defeat of 22 divisions, the conclusion of the war, Romania and Bulgaria (August 1944).
- Help Yugoslav partisans IBTito (September 1944).
- Exemption Baltic (July-October of the same year).
- October - the liberation of the Soviet Circumpolar and north-east of Norway.
End enemy occupation
By early November, the territory of the USSR in the prewar borders was released.It ended the period of occupation for the people of Belarus and Ukraine.Today's political situation makes some of the "leaders" present the German occupation almost as good.It is necessary to ask the Belarusians who lost the actions of the "civilized Europeans" every fourth.
No wonder the first days of foreign invasion in the occupied territories have become partisans.The war of 1941-1945 in this sense has become an echo of the war of 1812, when other European invaders did not know peace in our territory.
Liberation of Europe
European liberation campaign demanded that the USSR unimaginable human cost and military resources.Hitler never think that a Soviet soldier enters on German soil, throwing into battle all possible force, put the gun under the elderly and children.
Proceedings of the final phase of the war can be seen in the title of awards established by the Soviet government.Soviet soldiers-liberators received such medals War of 1941-1945: for the liberation of Belgrade (10.20.1944), Warsaw (07.01.1945) Prague (May 9), for the capture of Budapest (February 13), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna(April 13).Finally, soldiers were awarded for the storming of Berlin (May 2).
... came in May.The victory marked the signing of the May 8 Act of unconditional surrender of German troops on June 24 held a parade with the participation of representatives from all fronts, arms and services.
Great Victory
Hitler's gamble has cost humanity dearly.The exact number of human losses still argue.Reconstruction of destroyed cities, the establishment of management required many years of hard work, hunger and deprivation.
Different Now evaluated and the results of the war.The geopolitical changes since 1945, had different effects.Territorial Acquisitions of the Soviet Union, the emergence of the socialist camp and strengthening the political weight of the USSR to superpower status soon led to an increase in tension and confrontation between the allied countries in the Second World War.
But the main outcome is not subject to any revision, do not depend on the views of policy makers seeking immediate benefits.In the Great Patriotic War, our country has defended freedom and independence, defeated was a terrible enemy - the media monstrous ideology threatens to destroy whole nations, spared him the peoples of Europe.
are history, participants of fights, children of war - already elderly, but the memory of that war will live as long as people are able to appreciate the freedom, honesty and courage.
