plants - is one of the many and varied forms of the kingdoms of nature.They give to all living beings to breathe clean air by producing oxygen through photosynthesis.Provide people and many animals with food and nutrients, decorate our life and make it beautiful.One of the most diverse parts of this wonderful kingdom are angiosperms.We talk about them further.
Angiosperms: classification
The department includes in its composition two huge number of class:
- monocots;
- bipartite.
Each of them is valuable not only for nature in general, but also for people in particular.It is only to name at least a few representatives who are composed of monocots and dicots, examples immediately confirm their great practical role in human life.For example, these include:
- rye, wheat, oats, rice, buckwheat;
- rose, potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant and other crops;
- great number of medicinal herbs.
Generally, a variety of angiosperms hundreds of thousands (about 350,000).Thus both monocots and dicots, examples of which can result in a very long time, they have their own characteristics in the structure, way of life, life processes.We consider one of the classes - bipartite.Let us examine what characteristics have these plants, which applies to them and what is their value.
Family class dicots
classification may be different.There are several options:
- takhtajan system;
- Rivila system;
- APG;
- Dahlgren and Thorne;
- Cronquist.
Everyone took as a basis for certain signs and divided the whole class to order, family or subclasses.For ordinary people more familiar from school this taxonomic unit, the family.Therefore, we list the most common and numerous groups that are part of the class in question.
- butterfly, or beans.What plants are dicotyledonous here?For example, pea, alfalfa, clover, peanut, rank, acacia, astragalus, chickpeas, carob and others.
- Rosaceae.Examples: rose, apple, pear, plum, strawberry, raspberry and others.
- Cruciferous, or Brassica.A typical representative of - cabbage.Dicots, an example of which can still be attributed to a family - radish.And also: mustard, winter cress, sverbigi, shepherd's purse.There are about 3 thousand species.
- Compositae - include in its membership a large number of weed, medicinal, fodder and food plants.Representatives chamomile, dandelion, aster, cornflower, sunflower and others.
- Solanaceae.Dicots, an example of which can be reduced here - tomato.And along with it, and most of the major vegetable crops cultivated by man (potatoes, eggplant, etc.).The same family is very poisonous belladonna.
less known in our country are such families as:
- Laurel;
- Crassulaceae;
- portulacaceae;
- Grape;
- Myrtaceae;
- Pumpkin;
- Begoniaceae;
- Nut;
- Willow;
- Umbrella;
- Birch and others.
In fact, a lot of them, so difficult to enumerate all.Let us now consider what common features have all members of bipartite.
avilable bipartite
Like all higher plants, they have a stem, leaf, root, flower.When it comes to wood forms, that is, the trunk and branches.In general, the structure of a bipartite plant is no different from that of others.However, there are also features to allow classification of certain types to this class.
These characteristic data are their hallmark is from monocots, because all the flowering of the main parts are similar, it is difficult to relate correctly kinds of taxa, if you do not know the specific symptoms.
main signs
So, these are the following settings:
- Venation leaves most of the net.
- root system - rod, often long-term.
- Formula structure of the flower: CH4L4T2 + 4P1.In general, the number of parts must be divisible by either 4 or 5.
- between the xylem and phloem is a layer of cambium, many forms have a woody stem.
- Leaf blade often bad cut.
These signs dicotyledons do not say that all members are arranged just so and not otherwise.As elsewhere, here too, there are exceptions, some combinations.
However, the most important feature - is that the seeds of dicots have two cotyledons, arranged against each other.For example, peanuts or beans it is clearly possible to see with the naked eye.That this feature is common to all, without exception representatives of bipartite.It was for him, and they got their name.
dicots: examples photo
We have already given many examples of the different members of this class.However, in general we stayed only on those species that grow in our country.Here you can see photos of some foreign endemics that climatic conditions are not suitable for Russia.This, for example:
- laurel;
- Delonix regia;
- sundew;
- Sarracenia;
- Nepenthes;
- tick;
- black and mahogany, and others.
In the photo you can see that they all have a beautiful and brightly colored halos.In general, almost all have a bipartite showy flowers.However, there are exceptions among the weeds.
interesting Magnolia.Each species - is dicotyledon.An example of this family - Magnolia stellate.Very beautiful and fragrant plant East.About him compose an unusual and romantic legend.Magnolias are part of the culture of many southern countries.
Spicy plants
dicotyledonous plants include representatives of the most fragrant, aromatic species - spicy.For example, such as:
- cinnamon;
- laurel;
- coriander;
- cumin;
- anise;
- dill;
- parsley;
- allspice and others.
Of course, their role in the food industry is large.After all, in addition to the direct purpose - improving the taste of prepared dishes and give them a special flavor, they are also used as the dosage form.
Umbrella
Class dicots includes in its membership a family as an umbrella, or celery.Their main distinguishing feature - a characteristic inflorescence in the form of an umbrella.Small bunches of flowers gathered in the pale, rarely bright colors.But what really distinguishes them, it's the smell.All members comprise a large number of essential oils, tannins, alkaloids.Therefore Umbelliferae aroma spread far around in the area where they are grown.
Representatives of the following:
- coriander;
- carrots;
- ajwain;
- celery;
- fennel;
- parsnips;
- milestones poisonous;
- hemlock;
- cow parsnip;
- thoroughwax;
- astrantia;
- feverweed;
- goutweed and others.
There are as poisonous, and very useful for the human plant.Also, many are decorative.
Rosaceae
most popular representative - wild rose or rose.This bipartite plant, an example of which always lead barely comes to the family Rosaceae.But, of course, not only is it a part of this tasty taxon.Why delicious?Because that's what it includes:
- raspberries;
- cherry;
- drain;
- quince;
- figs;
- apple;
- Saskatoon;
- Rowan;
- apricot;
- cherries;
- almonds and other representatives of the very appetizing.
addition to taste, they are also the owners of valuable vitamins, mineral and trace macro- and various compounds.
there among ordinary grassy form: cinquefoil pine, nettle, hemp, avens and others.
Compositae
to the family are herbaceous, rarely woody plant perennials.Representatives so much that they are found almost all over the globe.Asteraceae there in the tropics and the Arctic.It is the most numerous and diverse group of all bipartite.
can bring hundreds of examples.We say that the most famous, to become clear about what a particular plant in question:
- aster;
- sunflower;
- dandelion;
- dahlia;
- chicory;
- marigolds;
- daisy;
- daisy;
- Serratula;
- ragweed and others.
most interesting representatives are:
- skaleziya petiolate;
- brahilena Merano.
They are interesting in that they are very powerful tree up to 20/40 meters, respectively.In skalezii very fragrant yellow flowers, gathered at the tips of branches.Many of these trees form entire forests in the Galapagos Islands.
Brahilena Meran grows in South Africa and Madagascar.Up to 40 meters.The flowers are very large, gathered in panicles at the tips of branches.
