course of the Russian language in the school curriculum includes the study of all official and significant parts of speech.To explore each of them has its own section of the language, which is given a certain amount of time.One of the volume is "numeral".She holds a plurality of sections.This structure of this part of the speech, in which there is quantitative, ordinal, integers, fractions and collective numerals.And also how the use of words denoting numbers in a sentence, they change from birth and declination for case.
Determination
Learning section of numerals beginning with the third grade and continues throughout the school course.In the textbook on the Russian language definition goes something like this: it is an independent part of speech, which forms the recharged group of words that indicate the number and the number of objects, as well as their sequence number at the score and answer questions what?and how many? initial form of the name of the numeral - nominative case.
Morphological numeral
Like other separate parts of speech, has changed the name of the cardinal and permanent signs.The former include gender, number and case form, and the other - belonging to the category and type in the names of numerals.It is these morphological features are the basis for the recognition of the part of speech self.
discharges numerals
According to All numerals divided into two categories:
- quantitative.Generally, words related to this category, indicate the quantity and number of objects.Among the cardinal numbers are three types: integers ( five, eight, twenty ), fractional ( one-fifth, three-fourths ) and collective ( two, two, five ).It should be noted that some types of cardinal numbers can be used simultaneously to form mixed numbers.For example: two point and three-quarters, one point and one second. can not be used together collective and fractional numerals.
- Ordinal.The words that belong to this category, indicate the serial number of an object or person in the long run.For example: fifth, seventh, thirty-third, one hundred fifty-eighth .As you can see, these numerals may consist of a single word or several.
structure numerals composition
Depending of how many words is the name of the cardinal, it is easy ( one forty ), complex ( sixty, seventy ) and composite ( twenty-fiveTwo-thirds ).It should be noted that those names are complex numbers, which are based on simple, for example, five and ten - fifty.
collective numerals and signs
collective numerals - a special group of words that indicate the set of objects or persons.Quite often students are confused with collective simple numerals.To avoid this, they need to learn to distinguish.For example: two fishermen - simple numerals; two fishermen - collective numerals.This view is formed on the basis of the cardinal number by adding the suffix -O- or -er- and end -e or -o .For example: two - two, three - three, four - four, five - five, six - six, seven - seven, eight - eight of nine - nine of ten - ten of.
Declination numerals
As already mentioned, one of the non-permanent signs this part of the speech is to change on cases.This topic is quite complicated to digest, and many mistakes in the declension of numerals on cases even as adults.And the reason for that - special forms of inducement of some words.Each species tends numerals according to certain rules:
- Declination collective numerals produced in the same way as in the case with the adjective in the plural.
- If you change the case forms the first part of the fractional numbers are declining as a simple integer, and the second - as the ordinal standing in the plural.
- Cardinal numbers decline when have their own characteristics: the number "one" is leaning on the type of the pronoun "this" and the remaining numbers should be considered as an example.It should also be noted that the decline in the composite numerals lean all of the numbers.
Examples declination of numerals
| nominative | genitive | Dative | accusative | Instrumental | Prepositional |
| who?what? | whom?What? | whom?What? | whom?what? | whom?what? | talking about?about what? |
| two | two | two | two, two | two | about two |
| one | one | one | single one | one | one |
| five hundred twenty | five hundred twenty | five hundred twenty | hundred twenty | five hundred twenty | about five hundred twenty |
| forty | forty | forty | forty | forty | about forty |
| four thousand | thousand four | thousand four | four thousand | thousand four | a thousand four |
| three hundred and three | three hundred three | three hundred three | three hundred three | three hundred three | about three hundred three |
| four | four | four | four, four | four | four |
is also worth noting that these cardinal numbers as little, a lot, may be used only in the nominative and accusative.But the words a little, a lot, and some as when used in oblique cases become the end, similar to the adjectives in the plural.
syntax compatibility numeral
Another ode to an important topic in the section of the numerals is the use of this part of the speech.Quite often in everyday life have to write sentences with collective numerals, and therefore need to know how to pronounce them correctly and write.And not to make a mistake, you should examine not only the decline of numerals on cases, but a theme that reveals what is possible to combine the collective numerals.The noun - is the main partner of the numeral on the syntax compatibility.And there are plenty of features that you should know every educated person.
Eating whole quantitative and ordinal numbers
If the numeral in the sentence used in the nominative and accusative cases, it should take the form of a noun genitive.For example: d The Nine notebooks, rose twenty five people.
should also be noted that such numerals as six, four, three, two and , combined only with nouns in the singular, and the rest - in the plural.For example: two notebooks, three roses, four.
The above examples show the syntax compatibility, which is called the management, as the noun case depends on the numeral.
Another type compatibility - coordination and when one and other parts of speech used in one case.The exception in this case is only one word , which agrees with the noun in all cases.
In agreeing ordinal numbers with a noun, they behave just like adjectives.For example: eighth week, the tenth day, the fourth day .Bowing is a numeral on cases, it should be noted that the changes only after the last word.For example: one hundred and fifty fifth paragraph .
Drinking collective numerals
collective numerals combined with nouns in a genitive case.An exception is the word two , where the companion must have only the plural.For example: seven kittens and two friends.
