As part of speech verb performs an important function indicate different acts.In Russian, as in any other language, without it very difficult.What are his main forms as they are formed and what is used?About
verb
They can be static or dynamic, but they all express some action.Of course, we are talking about verbs, which are an important part of the language.As a rule, they have a huge number of different forms, indicating the different time periods, active or passive, subject and some other features.In Russian, such a lot of options, but Europeans tend to not fall behind, but their grammatical constructions built somewhat more logical.In addition, modality or verbs-play bundles are much less important, their use is not always clear and regulated.
forms
Conjugation, then there is a change of person and number, as well as an indication of the period of time when the action takes place - that's what most people think when it comes to the metamorphosis of verbs.But this is not the only option.In addition, there are still an active and passive voice, as well as the infinitive, participle and a gerund, the latter two are sometimes isolated in separate parts of speech, but often find special forms of the verb, expressing side effects.
And, of course, do not forget that there is such a category as indicative, imperative, subjunctive.Thus, they share a lot of verbs in all three groups, and have important differences between them.On them will be discussed further.
About inclinations
One of the most important grammatical categories or classifications of forms of the verb is the criterion of its special property.It is just about the inclination.Subjunctive - it is, when we speak about the events that may or may occur.This form is used as it is, for example, about dreams.In another way it is called a conditional.Indicative or indicative is used simply to present what is happening or what has been and will be, to him it is most of all shapes, including obtained by conjugation.It is the most neutral.Finally, the imperative or imperative, used in incentive proposals when giving orders, formulate requests and for other similar purposes.
Thus, each of the inclinations has its own function and role, which is very difficult to transfer to other structures, that is, to express the same thing, but in other ways.All of them have their own characteristics, but the most interesting is the subjunctive.After all, with the help of the event expressed unrealized.
Signs subjunctive
First of all, it is the particle "to" in this case is an integral part of the verb.Occasionally it may be attached to other words, forming a slightly different design, for example, "to sing" "that was", and so on. D. Both forms are complicated as compared with the other, that consist of only one grammatical units.
In addition, the subjunctive mood - a design that is easy to determine the meaning, because it refers to events that did not come true, that is, who are in the unrealizable.Thus, highlight text in this form does not present any difficulties.
also subjunctive (or conditional) as imperative - it is non-personal form of the verb.This means that it has only one form with minor modifications endings.What's in it there is the characteristic?
Features
subjunctive inclination - though it is not unique for the Russian language design, but it has some interesting features and methods of use.
It seems rather strange that, even if the subjunctive of the verb is used in relation to events at any time, the form still expresses the past, although historically it had a slightly different meaning.On the other hand, it is quite logical, since we are talking about a situation that has not occurred in the past and may not take place neither in the present nor the future, that is, it is not implemented.From this angle form the subjunctive verb in dependent sentences like "I want him to sing" also appears appropriate since the action expressed by using it until it happened.All this is kept in mind when drawing up proposals and when translating conditionals from foreign languages into Russian.
Unlike other languages, this is the verb form is used in both parts of the complex conditional offers - in the main, and dependent.
There are other interesting design and linguists argue about whether it is possible to attribute them to the subjunctive mood.An example of this can be:
Oh, I would have the money, but more!
him to marry.
In the first example, is not even a verb, though its residual presence obvious.Nevertheless, this type of boundary is related to and can not be uniquely determined.The second is more clearly refers to the conditional tense, though, instead of past tense used the infinitive.There are many designs, and this only confirms the richness and diversity of techniques in the Russian language.
Last time
What kind of events would be dealt with either in conditional sentences using the same form - the subjunctive.The table in this case would be inconvenient, so it is easier to explain the examples.
If it did not rain yesterday, we would have gone to the movies.
He would have called if I knew your phone number.
Here, as you can see, the situation may illustrate how totally unrealizable event is due to the fact that there were no suitable conditions in the past, and what else can be done, but this has not yet happened.
This
To express the current situation may also be used in the subjunctive.The examples below are a small shade of the past tense, but this is due, rather, to the fact that once was realized a different situation, which led to the wrong circumstances that were assumed in the present.
If I have now had a dog, I would play with her.
If I had not got hurt, now would be a famous football player.
Thus, the subjunctive may serve to indicate the possible developments in the case, if something did not happen, or vice versa - has happened in the past.
Future
With respect to the events that have yet to be realized, but it is unclear whether this will happen, the subjunctive is not directly used.It may be present but to the future then it will be clear only from the context.In the usual case, instead, it turns a conditional sentence, in which there are no difficulties or features:
If tomorrow will be sunny, we'll go to the beach.
If next year we will go to London, you have to learn English.
There is no question about the subjunctive mood, but perhaps the events in question and will not be realized.This is the disadvantage - the inability to accurately express confidence or doubt, will take place whether or not a.
analogues in other languages
In English, there is no strict concept of mood, but there is a design, expressing a convention, that is, having the same function.They are called conditional or if clauses and are divided into several types.The first two species do not bear the same meaning as the subjunctive mood in the Russian language, but others are complete analog.In this sense, English somewhat richer.
"zero" and a first type, in fact, reflect the events that can be possibly be realized.Here they refer to the subjunctive, but will be transferred through the usual conditional sentences.
second type of conditional sentences expresses an action seems unlikely, but nevertheless real.But the third - no, because it falls on the past.This also is in contrast to the Russian language, for the English degree of certainty, whether the event will take place, is present.We have the same - no.Both of these species are translated into Russian, and it uses the subjunctive verb.In other European languages similar designs are also present and actively used in speech.Moreover, a variety of verb forms therein, is generally higher than in Russian.
There are dialects in which there are no inclinations or more than a dozen.Russian can not be called rich in this respect the language, but for the needs of a sufficiently precise expression of their thoughts this set is quite enough.In the future may occur and new forms more appropriate wording, but as long as the subjunctive mood - it is somewhat reduced form of what might be.
