linguists have no opinion about whether to consider the gerund and participle separate parts of speech or just a special form of the verb.Anyway, both are tightly linked with the verb morphologically and meaningfully.The value determines whether the questions are answered by the sacrament, and gerund.
Communion
This part of the speech is not only verbal characteristics, but also signs of the adjective.Linguists give different definitions of communion.Professor AM mixed Peshkovski calls it part of speech, Vinogradov refers to hybrid participle verbal adjective form that combines the specificity of the verb with the features of an adjective.Communion, as the adjective indicates a sign of the object, but not simple, but a sign of the action, which makes it similar to the verb.
What questions are answered Communion
Since this is a feature of an object (though by the action), the sacrament is characterized by a question: what (-s, -s, -s)?Short Communion answers to the questions: What?What?
Now look what morphological features inherited from the participle of the verb, and what - the adjective.Let us find out what questions are answered Communion in different grammatical forms.
Verbal signs Communion
As a verb, participle is given, return, time, brief and complete the form in the passive voice.
Communion can be perfect and imperfect form: log hut / cut down a bough.
Communion are transient and return: Support truth / rushing at full speed.
Communion used only two times - present and past: a child plays / played the violin.
active participle and passive
Depending on whether the subject he commits an act or he accepts the action of another object or person, the sacrament are divided into two categories: active and passive.
active participle answers the questions: What (-s, -s, -s)?The meaning of it - to express a sign of the object, which itself performs an action.(Example: Students have planted larch, caring for the little tree.)
have valid sacraments are written in the present tense suffixes: -asch- (-yasch-) -usch- (-yusch-) .The last time these communions are written with suffixes -vsh-, -sh- .(Example: bearing, reading, breathing, depending who has read, carrying.)
passive participle respond to the same questions as the real and represent a sign of the object subjected to someone else's action.(Example: Larch planted guys, well caught.)
Here's how to write suffering for suffixes.participles: -nn-, -enn-, -om- (-em-) -im-, -m- .(Examples: borne, read, addict, read, built-in, washed.)
found in the passive voice and the full and short sacrament.What questions are answered it?It is: What?what?what?and what?(Examples: tree planted by schoolchildren, juice drunk yesterday, shirt embroidered on the collar, vegetables grown in the garden.)
Signs adjective in communion
As an adjective, the sacrament is capable of changing numbers, childbirth and in full uniform - on cases.It is not difficult to determine which questions are answered participle used in a particular case.Examples:
- nominative case: a man (what?) Think notebooks (what?) Scribbled.
- genitive: human (what?) I think notepad (what?) Scribbled.
- Dative: man (what?) I think notepad (how?) Are inscribed.
- accusative: human (what?) I think notepads (what?) Scribbled.
- instrumental case: a man (what?) I think notepad (what?) Scribbled.
- Prepositional case: the person (what?) Think about notebooks (which ones?) Scribbled.
Features punctuation implicated turnover
Communion, in which there is a dependent word is participial.It stands apart with commas if you are after a word that defines it.(Example: Oak growing on the lonely plains, was for me a beacon.)
Communion turnover does not require commas if it is located in front of the defining words.(Example: Alone on the plain growing oak was for me a beacon.)
syntax characteristic of communion
This part of the speech often appears in the sentence as a definition."Kinship" with the verb participle do to be able to offer a part of the predicate is true, it is available only a short form of the sacrament.A participial, which is indivisible, and the sentence structure all fully a member of the proposal can generally be any secondary member.
gerundive
This part of the speech can be imaginatively construed as an active participle (Dee + participle).His questions are more like questions to verbs, rather than to an adjective, as in communion.The task of the adverbial participle - designate additional action at existing fixed which is expressed by the verb.We can say that adorns the gerund verb: "She was walking, viewing autumn trees."In this part of the speech characteristics coexist verb and adverb.With the verb participle in common the fact that it is recurrent, it has a perfect and imperfect views.The similarity with the adverb is embodied in its immutability.
Questions that are asked to gerund
Verbal participles express a kind of perfect complete further action, and therefore involve the question "what to do?".(Examples: playing the piano, saying toast, tore a branch.) They are formed from the stem of the infinitive is usually perfect form, to which is added suffixed morpheme -to , -vshi, -shi .Sometimes verbal adverb owls.species formed from the base of the future tense of verbs, then used the suffix -a (s) .
Verbal participles express a kind of imperfect additional action that still lasts, it is not finished.Accordingly, it is the question: what is doing ?.(Examples: playing the piano, a toast, tearing branch.) This category is created gerunds by adding to the base date and verbs imperfective suffix s (s) .A suffix -uchi helps create a gerund Nessov.the type of the verb "to be": being.
peculiarity punctuation adverbial participle is that it always stands in the sentence by commas.An exception can be called only the adverbial participle, which went into an adverb, in which case they are placed after the verb and involve the question: how ?.(Example: People have watched in silence.)
verbal participle phrases
gerundive plus dependent word - a verbal participle phrases.In the letter he, as a single gerund, always distinguished by commas.Exceptions are verbal participle phrases that have become phraseology.(Example: Work rolled up his sleeves.)
syntactic role in gerunds always the same - a circumstance.
We found out what questions are answered and gerund participle, and saw some particular parts of speech carry these special forms of the verb.
