civilization that arose along the banks of the Nile more than 4,000 years ago, keeps a lot of secrets.Favorable conditions in the area, mild climate contributed to a very early development of the various branches of science and the arts.Writing and knowledge of the ancient Egyptians - the subject of research by many scientists around the world.The first texts among extant were created around 3000 BC.e., later evolved and are works of art and history.Well, look at them in more detail and deal with those, what secrets left behind ancient civilizations.
general idea of the language and skills
All the information we have today about ancient Egypt, received as a result of archeological excavations.There were found various documents in the dead languages.They were engaged in deciphering the decades.They contain information about all aspects of life in the framework of this civilization, beginning with the law and the church service, finishing cooking recipes.It turns out that writing and knowledge of the ancient Egyptians that we can study now inextricably linked.Decrypt the grammar of the people, we will be able to open most of its secrets.Because it is a history of writing we begin by dividing it into four main periods.
Period first: characters
ancient writing of the Egyptians appeared in the pre-dynastic period, when the state itself did not even exist.However, the gods and priests of this people were something sacred and inviolable ever, and thanks to ideas of these "masters of the world" the Egyptians formed their first writing system.Hieroglyphics Ancient Egypt was very different from modern Chinese or Japanese.It was a colorful picture (today we find them monochrome because of the devastating effect of the time), which depicted objects, events, people.In short, people were drawing what they saw little simplifying objects.Writing characters could be any direction - right to left or vice versa, and sometimes even from top to bottom.The main thing is that the result was beautiful.
Period Two: ieratika
Hellenistic period of Egypt is closely related to the Greek and Roman empires.In addition to the exchange of military expertise, linguistic assimilation occurred.Writing and systematized knowledge of the ancient Egyptians through the alphabet, which came from ancient Europe.There was the first type of cursive - ieratika.Then this new literary language was accessible only to the cream of society, and it compiled the sacred texts and legal instruments.
third stage of development: the demotic
At the turn of the eras assimilation has occurred in the population of ancient Egypt.It flooded the Arabs brought their traditions, beliefs and, of course, language.Amongst all sections of the people became popular fundamentally new type of writing - demotic, which in appearance resembles a modern Arabic.It and makes public documents, literature shared, biographies, and memos.However ieratika still has an official letter of the country and used in worship and jurisdiction.
Fourth Period: Coptic
This is the last stage of ancient Egyptian language and writing, which replaced the demotic.Unlike its predecessors, the Coptic had its own alphabet letter, different manner of pronunciation, spelling, addition of syllables and words per sentence.In many ways, this is similar to the Greek language, but it belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language family.Writing and knowledge of the ancient Egyptians, who belong to the earlier periods, the researchers were able to decode only by Coptic cursive.This language is more ancient Egyptians translated documents and summaries of their ancestors.Until the 19th century, the Coptic language used in the liturgy, and later has already been defined in the ranks of the dead.
Pyramid - the repository of secrets
knowledge of the ancient Egyptians were the basis for modern science.None of the advanced civilizations do not like this, and in any place of the world at that time did not exist as a developed system of household.It records that are stored in these buildings, we find the first health benefits.They tell about how to heal traumatic brain injury, painted, what herbs heal us from certain diseases.The Egyptians knew that a star in the sky, why they appear at night and where the missing day.In addition, the Egyptian mathematics - this is what we learn in school today.The volume figures, the ratio of the mass and the parameters of the equation with unknowns shot - it was invented precisely in the Nile Valley.
