fighting qualities of Soviet air defense systems has repeatedly been rated as friends of our country and its opponents.Air defense defended the skies of Cuba during the Cuban missile crisis, they were opposed by air armadas US during the Vietnam war and in times of other regional conflicts.One example of the domestic appliances can serve missile system S-300, was on the armies of the two foreign countries (Cyprus and China).Applications to purchase it filed more than a dozen countries concerned about the safety of their air borders.These systems reliably protect the skies over Russia.
The urgency of the fight against low-flying targets
anti-aircraft missile system S-300 was conceived back in the mid-eighties as a means of effectively combating speed low-flying targets.In the late 1970s in the United States successfully tested cruise missiles capable of overcoming boundaries that existed at the time of the Soviet air defense systems and missile defense."Tomahawks" were flying too low in order to be able to detect conventional radars.These tools deliver tactical nuclear weapons could use the terrain (such as ravines, gullies, river beds), and the task of destroying them is problematic.Further improvement of the automated control aircraft flat trajectory that are based on the latest achievements of computer technology has allowed potential adversary of the USSR hope for the possibility of victory in a possible armed conflict already using not only the cruise missiles and aircraft, capable of extremely low altitudes to overcome our defenses.Needed new system.Ultimately, they become anti-aircraft missile systems S-300, put into service in 1982.
main threat - the suddenness
Historical experience teaches that a serious armed conflict, as a rule, begins with a massive air strike.Nowadays, this concept includes the action of assault and bomber aircraft in conjunction with the shelling of vital facilities for the defense (control systems, communications, energy, concentrations of manpower and equipment, industrial and transportation hubs).Ambush leads in case of success to the fact that it ceases to operate air defense system, as a consequence of - the potential of the attacked country collapses (both economic and military).S-300 is able to respond quickly to emerging threats due to the high speed of detection and guidance systems, leveling the element of surprise.48N6 missile, which is the basis of firepower system has unique flight characteristics and high power charge.
Modification "SS»
missile systems S-300PS created in the Moscow Bureau "Torch" under the leadership of A. Utkin, after his death, the work continued N. A.Trofimov.The overall design takes into account the experience of the most serious wars in the second half of the XX century occurred in Southeast Asia and the Middle East.The main requirements for the new technology, in addition to the high efficiency of destruction of air targets, began mobility and little time prelaunch.Practice has shown that the anti-aircraft gunners, shoot, urgently need to leave the "Light Damaged" combat area in order to avoid retaliation, which the enemy seeks to destroy the battery, while the account goes on a minute.Time operational deployment and collapse was only five minutes.This was achieved thanks to the high degree of automation of the processes of preparation for firing.Modification of the "PS" was armed with rockets 5V55R.
new missile missile system S-300 modifications "PM" was adopted by the Russian Army in 1993.Over the past decade, the designers managed to significantly improve the operational and tactical-technical characteristics of the system.First of all, this concerns the new 48N6 missile, designed to "Torch."You should also pay attention to a fundamentally different, more sophisticated algorithms of solving mathematical problems, based on a modern computer base.Single-stage solid-fuel missiles equipped with direction finders, catapult-launched vertically, and then rushes to the goal.At the moment, the armies of potential enemies no air assets that could not destroy the missile system S-300.Flight range 48N6 depends on the moving target - it knocks down ballistic missiles at a distance of 40 km, low-flying target (10-100 m) at a distance of 28 to 38 km, and the normal planes fall into the affected area within a radius of 150 km.
high-explosive charge has a mass of 145 kg.Apparatus concentrated bladed and is protected from interference.Length 48N6E rocket - 7.5 m, diameter 52 cm, total weight of 1.8 tonnes (2.6 tons in the container).It can be used in mobile complexes or ship-based ("Reef").
The complex
anti-aircraft missile systems S-300, combined in a group of air defense systems, ensure the safety of the air attack in an area covering tens of thousands of square kilometers.The technical basis is their main combat unit - 5P85SE launcher (four missile containers each).In the complex there can be 12. Ensure the delivery of ammunition and their replenishment two auxiliary machines - 22T6E (charged) and 5T58E (transport).Target detection is performed multifunction radar illumination and guidance type 30N6E and detector 76N6 (for low-flying targets).Power supply is carried out diesel power.In case of emergency situations in the case enters 13YU6E repair lab equipped with spare parts kit.There is also a retractable mast for lifting locator - RPN 30N6E, the need for it depends on the terrain.
characteristics and prospects
long ranges, the wide range of altitudes and speeds, the ability to conduct both 12 goals - here's a brief list of advantages that has a C-300.The missile system, the characteristics of which exceed the parameters of all foreign analogs, can shoot down aircraft, cruise and ballistic missiles at ranges from 5 to 150 km.It does not matter how high flying target, 10 meters or 27 kilometers.The speed of the object is not too much of a problem is, it can be a hypersonic 2,800 m / s (that is, more than 10 000 km / h).Thus, the missile system S-300 was created taking into account the further perspective development of the means of attack and for a long time be able to serve as a deterrent factor in foreign policy.Modification potential of the system allows it to constantly improve both the hardware and information aspect.
Mobility
have systems S-300PM and S-300cm different chassis.For later modifications designed mobile launcher of high permeability (CP 5P85SM) based on the MAZ-543M.Tilting of the four containers (WPK) in an upright position abuts their back into the ground, then made missile launch.
The machine is mounted as various instruments: prelaunch, drive control, electrical power systems, starting with the guided missile interface and much more.Contact cabin, from which you control, is built on a coded radio channel.
power source of all the subsystems is a standalone device 5S18M energy produced turbine unit.In case it fails to power the PU can be from any other launcher, for it provides a backup cable connection length of 60 m on the unwound coil.
The driver cabin has an infrared night vision system for driving a car at night with headlights off.Designated fire control personnel are comfortable, created the conditions for long-term duty in combat positions.
test drive vehicles showed that the missile system S-300 can travel long distances in different climatic zones, without prejudice to the combat capability.
«Eyes" complex
30N6E multifunctional radar, which means that in addition to the antenna on one with them, and there is a hardware chassis container.Radiators are made on the principle of phased arrays, digital beam steering.Post to increase the range of target detection and lowering the minimum horizon can be raised in a special rig.This is especially important when you need to deploy air defense system in the mountains or in the woods.Reliability is guaranteed by a built-in detection of the target channel information on operational air environment.For search purposes, the following in large and medium altitudes, applied locator 64N6E.Low-flying objects 76N6 records protected from the distortions caused by the reflected signals.Finally, the multi-function radar 30N6E looking for goals and highlights throughout the range, suggesting their missiles.
Export opportunities
Not any military-technical pattern is so popular in the foreign press, as the missile system S-300.Photos of this system are published frequently.It is mentioned in connection with the events in Syria, in Iran.The management of these and many other countries have expressed the intention to purchase Russian defense system, to ensure the safety of its airspace.The motivation is quite clear example of some countries have not taken care of promptly upgrade their air defense and victims of air raids, is a major incentive.Reliable protection from unwanted operations can become complex C-300, a photo of which was a kind of "scarecrow" for Air Force pilots of the countries that used to bomb the sovereign powers with impunity.
argue about how good this complex can now be largely speculative.Check in practice its combat capabilities is that hunters were not found.
