Among the most important tasks of the 21st century is the question of environmental protection.The emergence and support of the environmental crisis contributes to the pollution of essential natural resources - soil, air and water - by making the waste industry, in agricultural production, the transport network.
emissions of industrial enterprises of scale and transport systems (which are not performed environmental impact assessment) into the air, water and soil to date have reached unacceptable proportions.In some areas, such as in large industrial centers, the degree of contamination significantly exceed health standards.The primary role in the process of environmental pollution is played by the chemical and fuel industry, the metallurgical complex, electricity.
give an example.The vast number of modern factories producing toxic waste liquid consistency that can not be satisfactorily cleaned, and as a result, they require long-term isolation, until it is their natural decay or decomposition.Such contaminants are placed in ponds and the like structures to ensure their complete isolation is almost impossible.As a result, such structures automatically become sources of penetration into surface or underground aquifers for drinking.Environmental impact assessment must be conducted for the above mentioned companies.
environmental impact assessment (EIA) is composed of methods and procedures for the integration of environmental requirements of current legislation in the preliminary preparation of business, design and other decisions.They are aimed at preventing and detecting harmful to nature and society, the impact of their implementation in the planes of the environment, social institutions and the economy.Environmental impact assessment aims to evaluate the definition of investment costs for environmental protection.
EIA preparation have to be built on the existing system of official state standards in the protection of nature (GOST from 17.1 to 17.8), the accepted norms that determine the quality of the environment, including construction and sanitation.
environmental impact assessment - is a versatile multi-disciplinary work, which displays knowledge of a number of branches of science.It is based on facts and information about the state of nature, it exerted an effect of the proposed facility.In the preparation of the EIA as performers are invited exclusively by experienced professionals who are fluent in the methods they present area of expertise.On their account must be significant achievements and materials required for the construction of the region in advance of the planned facility.
meaning assess the impact of facilities on the environment is to prevent possible degradation of the environment under the influence of a possible economic activity, ensuring environmental stability of the area on the object, the establishment of appropriate normal living conditions of the population.It should be preceded by a planned decision on the financial investment in the project.In short, the environmental impact assessment is defined as an applied field of natural sciences, combined with social and environmental practices.
