Under the gross domestic product (GDP, GNP) is commonly understood as the market value of all the goods and services that were produced during the study period in the territory of any country for the purpose of consumption, savings and exports, regardless of who owns usedfactors of production.Often, when the mention of GDP, have in mind the economic activity in the country, since this indicator makes it possible to assess the extent of economic development and its status.Nominal GDP is measured in the currency of the country for which it is calculated, however, if the information on this indicator provides the IMF, World Bank or any other supranational organization, it is expressed in US dollars.
GDP - a key indicator by which compare different economies.He has a strong impact on currency rates, stock indices, the monetary policy pursued by the central bank and the government.
are two types of indicators: nominal GDP and real GDP.The first of these is sometimes called absolute.The difference between these two indicators is reflected in the fact that nominal GDP - this indicator, which is defined in current prices and real GDP - in base year prices, ie taking into account inflation for the current period.What is important is both the first and second indicator.Initially, based on statistical data determined nominal GDP.You can use one of three methods:
- production method (by valovovoy value added).
- GDP by expenditure.
- GDP income.
When using the production method is summed up all the gross value added produced by each enterprise, and by any other economic unit in the territory of a particular country.In this case, excluded from the calculation of intermediate consumption (raw materials, semi-finished products, etc.) and, therefore, there is no double counting and distortion of the results.
Definition of GDP using the expenditure does not cause any problems.In this method, simply summarized certain types of expenses: net exports, consumer spending residents of the country, government expenditures and gross investment.
For income this figure is determined in a similar way.Only in this case, the composition includes certain income of each country economic entities.This salary of hired workers, gross profit and gross profit, net taxes on production and imports.
first person who decided to engage in a national assessment of the value of the product, became Simon Kuznets.This American economist decided in the 30-ies of XX century to understand what is happening with the economy of his country.At the time, America was faced with large-scale problems caused by the Great Depression.As the accounting period has been selected from 1929 to 1935.In our time, this index is calculated and published much faster.In developed countries, the preliminary GDP figure appears in the media even before the settlement will end the quarter.In the US, the first data come a week before the end of the quarter.
According to the IMF, in 2011 the world leader in terms of BBB is deservedly the United States.The volume of the national product of this country is about $ 15 trillion.It is followed by China with a more modest figure of 11.316 trillion dollars.And third place is India - 4.47 trillion dollars.For comparison, we take the predicted value of the Russian GDP.According to the Russian government, in 2013 GDP will be 66.515 trillion rubles.If you count on the rate of 31 rubles to the dollar, it will be about 2.146 trillion dollars.In neighboring Ukraine, the forecast value of GDP for 2013, laid down in the draft budget of the country is equal to 1576 billion USD.At the official exchange rate on December 5, 2012 to UAH 7.99 per US dollar, the rate is about 0.197 trillion dollars.
