What just did not write the humanity!Rocks and cave walls, wood, clay and stone tablets, bronze pillars ... Perhaps because of the latter, there was a saying about the fact that not every written with an ax handle.But none of these materials do not meet the requirements for writing.As long as invented paper.
invention of papermaking technology in China for a long time attributed to Cai Lyunyu, Imperial dignitaries.At least, that he was the first emperor of China submitted a request for the widespread introduction of its papermaking process.Scientific dignitary specially mixed mulberry and hemp fiber, ash, water, cloth rags, put them in shape, smooth as did the makers of parchment and papyrus.The Emperor approved the request.And so it happened that, while such material is made in China long before the petition dignitary, is credited with the invention of paper to him.
papermaking technology was improved in each country, and eventually became the most popular paper, although not very high quality material.
In 1770, the manufacturer was able to create the installation Whatman, paper ready to get rid of traces of the form in which it was dried.After 30 years in France built the first paper machine.Since then the paper has become known everywhere and has ceased to be a deficit.
Today papermaking technology worked through and consists of several stages.
The first stage prepares the feedstock.Cut pine and spruce, cut them into bars, oshkurivayut on special machines using the method of dry okarivaniya.Peeled bars pulverized into chips.
second stage - the production of semi-finished product.Papermaking technology means that wood-MACH shops carefully prepared chips rubbing on wood shredder, turning it into pulp.In these workshops and concentrated bleach mass.
In the third step, the pulp and thermomechanical pulp mixed, added cellulose, sorted, bleached again and only then sent to the paper making machine.These cars on the grid sheet is formed, from which the press wring water.The paper was then dried in cylinders made smoother by means of calender rolls, wound on forme rollers, cut into desired formats.
This technique of making paper has only one drawback: it greatly reduces the amount of wood in the world.
Each stage of the papermaking industry has its own name.
- Pretreatment or accumulation.The raw material is crushed, mixed with fillers, coloring or bleaching agents, enters into the storage pool of the mixing, whose mission - to ensure the smooth operation of paper machines.
- refining, iealignment structure pulp.
Today, some countries (such as Japan) for souvenirs made paper manually.She originally looks expensive, but it is a great gift.
Few people know that ... you can make paper at home.
Home papermaking technology
1. We grind the waste paper (napkins, paper, etc.), Fill with water, stir with a mixer until a uniform "dough."
2. Add adhesive mix, spread from the grid in the tray, covered with gauze.We are wrung his hands, align, cover with gauze and put the press.
3. Leave for a few days, constantly turning to evenly outflow of moisture.This home
paper will not differ special beauty, but it is quite suitable for a souvenir, especially by children.
This is not unique, but the easiest way of making paper at home.
