The state of the financial system depends entirely on the level of life of the country.In macroeconomics, it is one of the most important places.For this reason, you should study in detail the concept of Russia's financial and realize the importance of this system.It is necessary to delve deeply into the principle of its operation and mechanisms.
General
Currently, the financial system of the Russian Federation - is an object of enduring controversy and debate.There are many contemporary issues with which it must deal.For example, insufficient to meet the needs of each individual, a great social tensions, the disproportionate development of economic elements, the negative effects on the reproductive process, a noticeable lag in adapting to changes in the external financial and commodity markets and the slow pace of development.The financial system of the Russian Federation - is the economic relations, which are grouped together on a specific basis.Such relationship affects almost every aspect of modern human life.These relationships can arise between individuals, several legal parties, as well as various states.Thus, one of the areas of economic interactions are the following: family budget, personal finances and households.Simply put - the capital of the population.
details
concept of the Russian financial system is seen as a set of economic relations.In its structure and scope is isolated individual units.At any level of managing finances are elements of social production, without which the existence and operation of the system is simply not feasible.Also, without them it is not possible:
1) The early introduction of new advances in science and technology;
2) maintaining the expanded circuit production funds (both public and private);
3) the regulation of the territorial and sectoral economic structures;
4) satisfaction of other needs.
Certain needs are at the state and entities.This explains the emergence of different types of relationships that includes Russia's financial system.Now some experts in the field do not recognize the interaction of two individuals' economic relationship.However, there are a variety of publications, which describes the organization of the financial system.Literature devoted to family and personal consumable-profitable plans, the assets of the household.
composition and structural elements
Russia's financial system consists of several interconnected bodies and institutions.The main purpose of the economy is to meet the great variety of social needs.Reaction of Finance covered the entire system of the country and the world of social activity.The generality of these phenomena is due to the existence of special institutions within the financial structure.Based on the above, there are several concepts of the Russian economy.The financial system of the country is:
1. The totality of the various institutions, each of which participates in the formation and subsequent use of its corresponding cash funds.
2. The community of specialized agencies and bodies that carry out financial activities within its competence.
economy is formed from the interaction of different institutions that are responsible for regulating the creation, redistribution and use of funds.Features of development of the country during the transition to market conditions strongly affect the financial system.Thus, the economic structure of Russia includes the following financial assets and legal institutions, their respective:
1. The budget system of the country.It includes the budgets of local governments, the Federation and the Federal directly.
2. Stock Market.
3. State credit.
4. Extra-budgetary funds of the country.
5. Finance businesses.
6. Insurance Fund.
Nationwide Finance.The concept, structure and purpose
basis of national finance are the various budgets of the respective levels.This group also includes concepts such as public lending and social extra-budgetary funds of the country.The adjustment of various economic operations and distribution relations macro main role belongs to this type of finance.Their formation and distribution centralized.This element of the system is available to local governments and the state.At the micro level in resolving economic transactions meet the financial elements of the business, insurance, credit and banking system.However, we can not assume that these links of the economy are linked only at the level of economic entities in their broadest sense.This is due to the existence of a dense interconnection between all component parts of the financial system.State acts on the formation of the centralized and decentralized resources through the economy.To carry out these activities, various regulations and relevant laws.Also, his tools are the mechanisms of pricing, credit system, taxes and much more.Nationwide Finance Russia are inextricably linked with the rest of the economy.Here, however, there is some ambiguity.GDP is the main source of replenishment of budget revenues at all levels.It is formed in the sphere of material production.Then, through taxation creates the Russian budget and social funds.At the same time the process of expanded reproduction is carried out by enterprises, not only for its own account.They used state credit or direct bank notes from the budget.
role of borrowed funds
own finance companies are inextricably linked with the system of credit.In case of lack of money, you can use the services of banks.Most often, the extra capital involved in the replenishment of working.Also, to solve their economic problems the company may resort to means other economic entities.For example, such as the various organizations, banks, insurance companies and others.Such activities can be conducted in different ways.For example, in order to increase equity are turning to corporatization.In turn, the issue of bills and bonds held for loans.Ultimately, the relationship of various elements of the financial system due to their single essence.The state plays a crucial role in the development of society, both economically and socially.For this reason, at its disposal it holds much of the funds.It carries out their use by the Russian budget, public credit, and various funds.Assets of different banking institutions and insurance are formed by attraction of free capital.Own funds of commercial organizations are their accumulation.
Characteristics of the Russian financial system.Features
economic and financial management of the state is carried out using an essential tool - a multi-level structure.At all stages of this configuration is achieved across the country a key task: the formation and expenditure of the general fund of funds.The whole structure includes local, regional and federal budgets.In today's globalization of business assets of each country become the basis of its economic security.From their size and properties depend:
- carrying out social programs;
- the content and the functioning of the defense system;
- to ensure all levels of government;
- the development of knowledge and strategic industries;
- support the economy and its entities within the state, and much more.
financial system of the country is composed of many elements.Some of them are financed under the approved plan of expenditure and income, the other - no.For example, to implement programs that are social or medical focus, are extra-budgetary funds.The state, as a member of the internal market system, can act as a borrower of funds from other market entities.Lenders in this case will be the legal and natural persons who have at their disposal free cash assets.Need loans occur in the formation of the deficit in the budget.Loans used for short-term infusion of funds in certain sectors of the economy in order to maintain the financial stability of the country.In the case where the state has resorted to borrowing from third-party organizations or individuals, there is a debt.According to its characteristics, it is divided into two types: internal and external (depending on the place of registration of the lender).The shape of debts incurred by the State, may be represented as:
- credits;
- government loans held with release of the securities market;
- other debts.
Changes made after the collapse of the Soviet Union
development of the Russian financial system in recent years has stalled.In some sectors of the state economy an increase in performance, but most of the industry is experiencing a period of stagnation and a slight increase.The banking system was able to after the 1998 crisis almost completely restore its functionality.Actively developing lending, thereby exerting significant influence on the economic situation in the country.The share of loans to the private sector is constantly increasing, which indicates an improvement in the welfare of the general population.In the last decade we have increased stocks, increased international financial strength ratings of Russia.Nevertheless, the share of foreign capital into the financial system of the country, compared to the economies of developed countries (Germany, USA, France), is relatively low.However, the stable growth of indices and ratings creates a favorable environment for foreign and domestic investors.In recent years, the positive dynamics of growth of financial resources and the fall in interest rates on loans.The prerequisites for the emergence of these phenomena should be considered as an increase in foreign trade, the growth of sales of raw materials in the currencies of foreign countries, as well as the overall foreign policy of the state.Availability of funds as a result of lowering interest rates is favorable impact on the country's largest enterprises, an increase in financial activity that stimulated the growth of the economy.The modern financial system of Russia after a series of transformations began to carry out its primary task - to ensure the growth of the economy.
reforms in this area
financial management system in Russia for a long time has not undergone significant changes.In 2006, legislation undergoing fundamental reform.They touched in the first place, the formation and expenditure budget of the Russian Federation.There are new structural units.In particular it was formed budgets of individual municipalities and towns.In the future, the legal framework of these projects has undergone substantial revision.One of the main risks faced by the financial system of the Russian Federation - is overdue credit debt bank liabilities.The value of the total debt is growing, which has a negative impact on various sectors of the economy.In turn, the banks for the extension of credit commitments require a constant inflow of funds.According to economists, the proportion of such debt could grow to 10% of the general structure of the loan portfolio, which has a negative impact on the entire economic structure.The Russian government is looking for ways to solve this problem.It is proposed to increase the capitalization of the largest banks at the expense of government bonds.It also discusses options for increasing the insurance part of the deposit and withdrawal of licenses for conducting financial activities of a number of "unreliable" financial institutions.
The origins of contemporary problems
number of major domestic economists believe that the reason for the weakness, which is the financial system of the Russian Federation - is the inability to quickly adapt to the rapidly changing market conditions, as well as too high commodity dependence and lack of competition in some segments.The government, by introducing new economic reforms, attempts to align the difficult situation the monetary sphere.There have regular capital injections from the Reserve Fund, which, in turn, was formed at the time of the budget surplus (before 2008).However, most experts agree that its funds are not unlimited and they will last for a few years.Modern Russia is going through a difficult process of forming its economic structure.Many negative factors accompanying this action, for example, the debts on credit obligations, the situation is difficult to be analyzed and monitored.In such circumstances, it is quite difficult to organize the work of one of the main functions of a stable market - the redistribution of financial (resource) flows inside it.
Conclusion
economy, which is based on a system of bank financing, has ample opportunity to react quickly to any changes.The central bank is the final member of this credit structure.In this regard, the development of the financial system in the Russian Federation is expected to start with the selection of the banking sector, which will be the main resource flows redistribution.To do this, you must have a stable structure, the deletion of all the weak members.It is necessary in parallel to develop the financial markets of the Russian Federation, which, except for foreign exchange, are in the early infancy.Only in these conditions it is possible to create a healthy economic base.That it will continue to be entrusted with the main task of the redistribution of financial resources within the country.
