process of globalization of the world economy, accompanied by scientific and technological progress, has a huge impact on the activities of all economic entities.In particular, increased overall performance, improves the quality of services, there is the rationalization of the use of natural resources.Changes in these parameters have a significant impact on the economy of each country involved in the process of world trade.However, each entity of the global market is forced to accept the new requirements imposed by the world system.In this situation, you need to periodically rethink the goals, objectives and ways to achieve them within the influence of the state on foreign economic activity of the country.
main objectives of the global market system
particularly relevant solve the above problems for the subjects of world trade structure, internal economies are undergoing a process of radical change.In these circumstances, socio-economic situation within the country has a significant influence on the formation of foreign economic trade.We discuss the main goals and objectives, means and methods to achieve them.This situation exists in Russia.So, being a constant search for the theoretical and practical measures, which is under the influence of foreign trade activities of Russia.The aim of the activities is to achieve positive dynamics of development of the economy.
regulation of foreign trade at the legislative level
movement of all goods across the borders of the Russian Federation takes place through crossing posts.Their work is monitored by the Customs Code.This set of rules, in turn, sets the special modes, streamlines the process of registration and control.Violation of the rules prescribed in the Code entails various types of punishment.This is also reflected in the document.The Customs Code includes a list of all used in the RF transmission system definitions.These include, for example, include such as "Country of origin of goods", "payments used in the design of products," and many others.The federal law that explains the basics of state regulation of foreign trade, includes the basic formulation and development activities, organizes organizational position.In addition, it forms the main principles of the activity on the world market.Thus the charge of customs regulation of foreign trade activity.The participants, in accordance with the law, are divided into several groups.These include:
- main subjects of foreign economic relations.It is the company of various types of ownership that carry out foreign trade activity.
- federal state organizations and enterprises.
- members of the international wholesale trade.
All legal entities and individual entrepreneurs involved in market relations, are registered in the customs authorities.However, this procedure is voluntary.
control methods
There are a number of techniques used by the Russian government in the exercise of control over the participants of foreign trade activities.These include:
- restrictions and prohibitions.
- Methods of regulation related and unrelated to customs tariffs.
- Constraints (stimulus) measures in the field of economics at the state level.
State regulation of foreign trade activity
Properly constructed government control organization is a key factor in the effectiveness of economic development.Government, under the leadership of which is the foreign trade activity, are formed on the basis of the historical development of the country, its geographical location and general features.For example, in the USSR there was a centralized state system monopoly.It provides a common control and management of foreign trade.In the future, the transition to a market monopoly structure was eliminated.Thus ministries and departments participating regions have received a number of international trade rights.
modern control system in Russia
current system of regulation of foreign trade activity was finally formed in 2005.This structure is divided into three levels.
- Federal.At this level, decisions are made by public authorities.
- Regional.Here, decisions made by the authorities in the regions of the country.
- local.At this level, foreign trade activities controlled by local bodies.
By decision of the government have been established specialized institutions of executive power entrusted with the management of foreign economic activity.These bodies include: Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Trade and obey Federal Service of Customs and the Federal Agency for the Control of Special Economic territories.
Tariff and non-tariff control methods
- introduction of import duties on imports.This method aims to benefit domestic producers and the government, who have additional income.Consumers, on the contrary, are forced to buy goods at inflated prices, so that they suffer losses.
- introduction of export duties.Customers receive the added benefit of lower prices on the domestic market, manufacturers are suffering losses, the government receives additional income.
for their own products and increase export of a number of countries implementing the following actions:
- granted tax incentives to firms engaged in exports;
- carried granting low-interest loans and loans for the export of products;
- contracts on state level, aimed at the sale of goods in foreign countries.
Foreign trade activity is also controlled non-tariff methods.These include:
- export restrictions;
- quota imposed on imported goods;
- trade embargo - a ban on the import (export) a specific type of product;
- dumping - selling manufactured goods at prices lower than the domestic market.
open economy
This term should be understood as a process of trade with the rest of the world market with the introduction of a minimum number of import and export restrictions.For this type of economy is characterized by high levels of the following indicators:
- levels of exports and imports in the total aggregate production;
- large amount of foreign investment in relation to the internal;
- presence of foreign trade quota (GNP).
international market as a form of relationship
In today's world, trade between different countries is seen as the main form of interaction.The problem of external market devoted a huge amount of scientific work, the essence of which is to find the most effective ways of development and stability of the global economic system.It does not remain without attention and most of its impact on the social development of society.However, despite the globalization of the market, the main regulators of trade relations are the subjects of the world market.They are based on the economic interests of the country, depending on which is the process of interaction with the other actors.It is expressed in the formation of alliances, the creation of certain arrangements at the State level.
