Russian state at the present stage of development in the conditions that are peculiar to the permanent innovation process.It is a determinant of the fact that in post-Soviet Russia has become necessary to competently constructed domestic policy, the activities of state institutions, as well as the establishment of a specific vector of political management.In particular, it is necessary to answer the question: "Decentralisation - what is it and what are its differences from the centralization of power?"
What is the process of centralization and decentralization of management?
Turning to the terminology, it can be concluded that the centralization and decentralization of management - different concepts.So, centralization - is concentrating all power in the hands of a single organization.From a political point of view, when the government does not maintain all the power in his own hands, and gives some competence of local government bodies, this is decentralization.What it is, allow more detail to find out expert answers on the subject.
Two methodological approach to the decentralization of power
To date, according to Vardan Baghdasaryan, there are two methodological approaches that allow you to answer the question: decentralization - what it is.The entire volume of administrative authority may be present concrete figures, which will be 100%.If more than 90% of powers concentrated in the hands of the supreme bodies of state power and only 10% given to the authorities of the local government, it can be argued that in the State Office of Central.If the percentage of the distribution of power is inversely proportional, ie 90% belong to the authority of local government and only 10% to government agencies at the federal and regional level, we can talk about what was the process of decentralization of management.
Thus, the first methodological approach allows us to speak about the management model - excessive decentralization.In other words, the topical issues for the local government can not be solved directly on the "ground".To do this, lobbied the interests of a particular locality in the organs at higher levels of management, which in most cases can not be done.
If decentralization takes place on the second model, the increased risk of separatism within the state.This can be a major determining factor decay statehood of the country.
What signed cons of decentralization of power?
few answers to the question: "Decentralisation - what is it?"- It is important to understand the basic pros and cons of the mechanism of separation of powers.
- loss of the monopoly on monetary creation by the government.This negative concluded that the authorities of the central government can not carry out stabilization competent monetary policy.Some of the powers vested in the regions of the Russian Federation, which for them is quite a weighty financial burdens.It is because of these reasons apply to money substitutes.
- growth of bureaucracy.Decentralization of power - is not only the distribution of powers, but also increase the number of state institutions and officials, each of which performs a specific role.This leads to excessive regulation as in the political sphere and the economic and social sphere.
- In addition, the decentralization of power - is increasing corruption in local government.If the delimitation of power is a redistribution of responsibilities at local level.To manage local elites come, to help lobby for the interests of business companies using bribery of authorities, bribery and gift giving.
- Opacity local authorities.If the highest state authorities publish reports on its activities, the local self-government leaves his job in the shade.Officials at the local level control over the activities of media, so the activities of the authorities to make public the harmful side is not possible.
Despite the fact that the decentralization of power in Russia is faced with numerous problems, this mechanism has a number of advantages and opportunities unrealized.
Flexibility LSG
Local governments are much better informed about the existing problems in the territory of a particular locality.This enables the adoption of flexible solutions to address emerging situations.However, due to the lack of political and economic incentives the system is not working.
Competing jurisdictions LSG
One of the main advantages of decentralization emit competition between different jurisdictions.However, due to the fact that the single economic space within the Russian Federation is not, in the state there is low labor mobility, labor and financial flows.
responsibility of local government authorities
responsibility to the electorate.It is believed that local government as close as possible to the people, know their needs and problems.Therefore, activities should be as open and transparent.In fact, the tip of the local authorities - are representatives of the local elites, who prefer to leave in the shadow of their own work, thereby hiding the true focus of activity.
mechanism of checks and balances
avoid usurpation of power proportional allows centralization and decentralization of management, which involves a strict separation of powers 50/50.However, for the effective functioning of the necessary institutions specializing in monitoring.On the territory of the Russian Federation, the practice is weak, it does not allow a proper degree of control to coordinate between the various levels of government.
centralization and decentralization of power - an issue that is most relevant for today in Russia.Only competent distribution of powers among the organs of different levels of government to avoid the possible disadvantages of this mechanism of differentiation of competencies and realize opportunities.
