White Sea, which in different times was called jelly, North, Solovki and calmly refers to the waters of the Arctic Ocean the European part of Russia.In the ancient Vikings called him Gandvik, which translated means "Bay of snakes."
History of discovery
Pool Sea was known on maps of the 11th century.At that time Novgorod it was of great importance in terms of navigation trade routes.The fact is that in the surrounding forests are home to a lot of furry animals.Soon they began to appear on the coast of the village of hunters, who immediately sold the hide and meat production to merchants sailed from far away.In the early 1490's on the orders of Tsar Ivan III was built by a merchant fleet and the international port.Mainly ships were sent to the coast of Denmark and back.
Soon the White Sea began to ply the English and Dutch ships.It was and merchant ships, and shipping.One of them was the ship "Edward Bonaventure" under the patronage of King Edward of Britain VI.In mid-1550 in Moscow and London established close trade relations.A few years later the White Sea has become one of the major market centers of Russia.The Dutch, the British and the Danes are regularly made long voyages to the shores of a new settlement called Kholmogory.Later the town was renamed Arhangelsk.V while foreign merchants bribed cheap furs, scholars and researchers interested in very low salinity of the White Sea.Nevertheless, part of the expedition, the most complicated the strong ice drift.
Description
waters of the White Sea average depth varies from 50 to 200 meters.Shoal is marked in the Onega and Dvina bays in the northern area of the pool.The deepest point - 340 meters.It is noteworthy that the White Sea has the smallest area among the Russian washing basins.The area that it covers, is limited only 90 thousand square kilometersAt the same time in the waters there are many medium-sized islands, for example, the Solovetsky.
largest rivers flowing into the White Sea, presented Mezen Ponoyu, Kem, Onega and Northern Dvina.The boundary of the waters is considered the dividing line Kanin Peninsula and Kola.The main ports are Belomorsk, Arkhangelsk, Kem, Onega, Kandalaksha, Mezen and Severodvinsk.Bay of snakes belongs to the territorial waters of the Strait of Rossii.Basseyn presented Throat, Onega and Dvina lip Kandalaksha Gulf.
Each part of the coast has its own name: Terek, Karelian, Summer, Kanin, Winter, Abramovskiy, Lyamitsky, Konushinsky et al. Districts.
temperature and salinity of the pool water
in the White Sea is always cold, so it is not recommended to swim without special training and equipment.The temperature on the surface varies from -1 to +14 degrees.
White Sea in the winter for the most part covered with a thick layer of ice.Increasing the temperature of the water is observed only from May to August.During the summer performance in the central part of the basin are raised to 16 degrees.At a depth of 50 meters the temperature is kept in the area of the White Sea nulya.Solenost associated with a particular hydrological regime.Due to the large inflow of rivers and groundwater, and a minimum level of exchange with the Barents Bay desalination performance significantly exceeded the pool.Thus, the salinity of the White Sea is about 26 ppm.In some places, this figure does not exceed the mark of 18 ppm.At a depth of 100 meters the salinity of the White Sea reaches 31 ppm.The reason for stagnation and desalination experts also called for an annular pool.
hydrological and climatic parameters
on the tides of the White Sea directly affects the water level rise in the Barents Basin, which has a semi-diurnal character.The most noticeable inflow of the river mouth and Semzha Mezenskaya lip.There's water level rises to 7 meters.The average tide in the White Sea varies from 0.6 to 3 m.
On the basin marked by frequent storms.In autumn wave height can reach 6 meters.At various times of the year are the sea east and south-westerly winds, but often there are strong gusts from the north.The value of wind-driven waves in the fall comes to a value of 1 metr.Bolshuyu of the year the sea is covered by ice.Melting takes place from May to June, and only at the end of July and in August, the water temperature allows you to swim quickly and safely ride on a boat.Nevertheless, even in the summer in the northern part of the area remain floating ice thickness up to 40 cm.
pool resources
White Sea is rich in fish and algae.In recent years it has been adjusted production amphibious mammals.In the waters of a lot of herring, saffron cod, whitefish, salmon, flounder, smelt and cod.Mammals allowed licensed hunting of seals, ringed seals and beluga whales.In the northern part of the basin locals shoot gavok and seagulls.From costly algae can be identified focus and kelp.There is also live bivalve molluscs.The
from an industrial point of view attracts the White Sea?Resources are primarily represented by such minerals as sand, gravel, shell and pebble.More recently, geologists have discovered on the seabed valuable ferromanganese nodules.
