Quite often, in the performance of a particular morphological analysis is necessary to specify case try words.Case - one of the most difficult categories exist today in the Russian language, but it is necessary to know in order to learn to understand the complex issues and parse correctly.
Cases in Russian
inflectional category of case usually indicates a ratio of a noun or adjective to other words in a sentence or phrase that it forms together with the data words.Currently, the Russian language there is only 6 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional.
Earlier in the Russian language, there a lot more of cases that eventually abolished, as well as dual.Echoes of these phenomena in the Russian language can be seen up to now, some of the words were formed from the vocative case forms of nouns and adjectives.
nominative and all-all-all
noun in the nominative case is opposed to all the others, since it has an independent position in grammatical language, sometimes referred to as direct case.The remaining 6 cases are indirect, they are always depending on other words and can express different syntactic relation to other word forms.
definition of cases carried on.Answering the question "Who?What?- What case? ", You can immediately say that this is the genitive case, because it is responsible for these issues.Each has its own mortality issues are easy to use for determining the position of the word in question.
As expressed Cases?
Identify case you can not only on, but also at the end.Some Cases have almost fixed endings that depend on the type, number and declension (nouns).So, for the words in the feminine, singular, nominative Dec. 1 will be the end of the current "a", "I".
If you encounter homonymy, you can try to determine the case syntactic way (via negotiated and prepositions or the order of words in a sentence).There are other ways, for example, is often used technique of substitution, when available, instead of words substituted the noun "fox" or "Masha".To determine the plagues are also encouraged to use both of case issue.
Cases and questions
Each case has certain issues.Nominative answers the question "who?what? "genitive -" Who?what? ", dative -" to whom?what? ", accusative -" Who?what? "instrumental -" by whom?what? "prepositional -" talking about?about what?".These questions can be used to determine the cases of nouns and adjectives.
Some Cases also have additional pretexts by which to determine what took place the word in a sentence, and how it should be disassembled.To determine the plagues can be determined before the word to substitute additional constructions, such as the genitive - "no" (no what? What?) To dative - "give", accusative - "blame" instrumental - "create", prepositional - "I say. "
Forms cases in Russian language
lexical meaning of the cases is made on the basis of the role they play in the sentence.If the case form can exist only in a single word, it is called prislovnoy.If the case form refers immediately to the entire proposal is called its determinant.
determinate form is generally in the beginning of a sentence, it is not included in the phrases, and sets the tone for the whole proposal.The question should be asked for it or on the basis of all statements or suggestions of all at once.See it in a sentence is easy enough, this is usually no problem neither pupils nor students.
General lexical meanings of cases
values of cases can be private or shared, and their selection of proposals plays a huge role in the syntax, with its help it is possible to carry out further analysis of the current proposals and determine their grammatical structure.Answering the question "Who?What?- What case? ", It is important to remember two possible values.
Object value of mortality means that, as the subject relates to the action which it is directed.When subjectivity meaning of case action is performed by the subject, which expresses the attitude.Attributive value can express the relation between multiple objects.With adverbial characteristic values can not determine the state of the object in terms of circumstantial relations.Out of this category is informative and fills a value that may require two words together have the same case forms.
connotation of cases: nominative
addition to the basic values and affixes can be private, that can be specified only with knowledge of university level.In school, students are asked to identify the case only in its general sense, sometimes because of errors that can not allow even the teacher, long-forgotten high school program.
nominative able to have a central, objective, predicate, appositive, attributive, informative and fills and adverbial value.Also here there is a view of the nominative, when the word that is in the nominative forms a topic for further continuation of the story.
connotation oblique cases: genitive
hear the question, "Who?What?- What case? ", There is little doubt that this is the genitive.The particular value of the genitive is divided into priimennoe and priglagolnoe, semantics in this case is clear enough, the first characteristic, combined R. n. The name, and the second - with the verb.
genitive priimenny has particular value accessories, relationships, whole, assessing the quality, media features, objects.There is also an additional value of the subject of a condition or action, and the availability of informative and fills values as partitive kind.
genitive priglagolny also answers the question "who?what? ", a case is to determine there is no trouble.It has the value of the direct object in reference to substance or denial, as well as the expectation value (with respective verbs: to ask, to desire, to seek, and so on. D.).
connotation oblique cases: dative
Dative has priglagolnymi and priimennymi connotation.In the first case we are talking about the importance of the third-party object that sent an action, the verb.Also priglagolny dative subjectivity may have value in the impersonal sentences, when he calls the person experiencing the condition or causes.
Dative priimenny rarely used in modern Russian, and indeed, repeats dative lexical meaning of the adjective.In some cases, it is able to have a attributive value, which has a touch of purposes: food fish.
connotation oblique cases: accusative accusative
priimenny in modern Russian almost does not occur, so is mainly used priglagolny meaning the expression of the object next to the transitive verbs, or the value of the measures of space and time.
connotation oblique cases: instrumental
Instrumental often has value priglagolnym gun action, subject, content, and adverbial value.They all somehow suggest an act.Informative, and making up for the instrumental-predicative values are quite close to each other and are used with the verb "to be deemed to be sound", and so on. D. Instrumental priimenny - a rarity in the language, he usually repeats priglagolnye values.
connotation oblique cases: prepositional
Prepositional case basically has priglagolnymi object and adverbial values that are associated with either condition, feelings, thoughts and speech, as well as location, close to the action that will occur.
Prepositional priimenny rarely used and has the same value priglagolnomu.Most often it is used for the values of attributes of objects, qualities, properties, and is definitive in nature.
Conclusion
Cases and questions can help determine not only the form of the word, but also his position within the sentence, which plays an important role during the morphological and syntactic analysis.If necessary, consult with the literature reference books that will tell you to what exactly deaths should be attributed a particular word.
