numbers in everyday life play an important role, with their help people determine the number of items is ticking, determine the weight, cost and procedure for the score.Words that may be designated in writing by writing letters and numbers are called numerals.Another definition is: numerals - words for the serial number of the subject or the amount.
grammatical features numeral
All tokens are integer and fractional numbers, and the number of people, animals or objects yavlyalyutsya particular group of words, the composition of which is fully formed and does not change.
Such units are one of the most important, or, as they say, significant parts of speech and may have some notation:
• concept of number as such: five, ten, fifteen, and so on;
• amount of certain items: two cars, six houses;
• the total value of several items that are counted.
Accordingly, matters to them are as follows: what the account?Which one?how?Depending on the value and the issue, which is responsible for the name of the cardinal, they are divided into several types (we'll discuss this later).
example: Thirty (subject) is divided into ten.Six six - thirty-six (nominal part of the predicate).Speaking about the place of numerals in a sentence, it should be noted that they can be both the main and secondary members.Another feature is that the numeral as a part of speech is not recharged group of words.All forms that are used in speech and writing, produced exclusively from the name of numbers.The syntax numeral as part of speech can be both a part of the main and secondary part of the sentence.
Attention!Numeral indicating the number and noun associated with it, always act as one inseparable part of the sentence.For example: We walked up to six in the morning.Classes begin in the pool at five o'clock.Girls gathered twenty-five daisies.
Forms numerals
According to the numerals put the question can determine to which category it belongs.By value and features they are divided into quantitative (how much?) And ordinal (what? Who?).In turn, the cardinal numbers include three types: collecting, fractional and integer numbers.
by the number of words in the structure this part of the speech, regardless of rank, can be simple or compound.For example: fourth, thirty third, five, sixty-eight.
Features numerals
terms of morphological features numeral as part of the speech is almost always devoid of numbers, as there is no category of gender, and many of those words are particularly decline on cases.At the same time it should be noted, and especially with the syntactic part.They lie in the fact that the numbers, combined with nouns, are irreducible and always act as a member of the sentence, regardless of whether inserted between any other part of speech.For example: three nights, four days, five days;Three proud palm trees stood in silence.
worth noting that the word is not always indicative of the amount actually numerals.The main feature of this part of the speech that the number can be issued in writing words and numbers.For example: three horses - or three horses three horses.
How to change the names of the quantitative numerals
numerals Examples of changes that are integers, can be found both in speech and in writing.
These words are characteristic of grammatical features:
• change on cases:
Him.p .: six, eight.
R. etc .: six, eight.
D. etc .: six, eight.
V. etc .: six, eight.
TV.etc .: six, eight.
P. etc .: six, eight.
Cases numerals depend on the parts of speech, with which they are associated.
• Some with gender.For example: one film, one sun, one birch;two trees, two lakes, two hands.
• In the plural and the singular may be used only cardinal, whose initial form - one.For example: one chair, a bed, some friends, some sleds. It is worth noting that the same word can be used as a restrictive particles used in the sense only , for example: some women, some men.
• Almost all cardinal numbers is no category of animate and inanimate.The exceptions here are the only such numbers - one, two, three, four .At the use of these words is a corresponding change endings.For example: four flowers, the four girlfriends .
• Numerals, examples of which represent a large amount of something (a million and one thousand billion) have their grammatical differences: gender, number declination for case.Such words in phrases often behave as nouns.For example: million roses a million roses millions of roses, lilies million, a million roses.
How to change composite ordinal numbers
Simple and compound numerals are declined for case.At the end of this simple change, but the change in the composite is subjected to a final statement.For example:
Him.n .: one thousand three hundred eighty-five.
n .: R. thousand three hundred eighty five.
D. n .: пятому thousand three hundred eighty.
V. n .: пятого thousand three hundred eighty (th).
TV.n .: thousand three hundred eighty fifth.
P. n .: a thousand three hundred eighty fifth.
How simple ordinal numbers change?When specifying the date of such a word can lean depending on the context, but the name of the month, which is associated with the number is always used in the genitive case.For example: August 10, August tenth, the tenth of August.
The name of the event ( holiday eighth of March ) after defining words - the feast day, the date - you need to use a numeral in the nominative case, and the need to write this word with a capital letter.
How decline on cases of fractional
Quite often, when the decline of fractional numbers, many are lost and confused them with composite numerals, however difficult this is nothing.Vail in such cases, both sides of the phrase: the first, expressed by a number, and the second - ordinal number, which stands in the plural.For example:
Him.n .: three quarters.
R. n .: three quarters.
D. etc .: three-quarters.
V. etc .: three quarters.
TV.n .: three quarters.
P. n .: a three-quarters.
Special numerals
often causes difficulties and decline for case collective numerals, for the most part is only used colloquially.Here acts the same rule as when changing the adjectives in the plural, ie. E. Numerals in this case become the same end.For example:
Him.n .: two, five.
R. p .: two, five.
D. p .: two, five.
B. p .: two, five.
TV.n .: dvoimi, five.
P. p .: two of about five.
Features has numeral two.Varying on cases, the collective word in the middle and masculine forms the same shape, but in the feminine gender in the decline, it is converted completely.For example:
Him.n .: - both two.
R. p .: - Both, both.
D. n .: - Both, both.
V. n .: - Both, both, both, both.
TV.n .: - both, both.
P. etc .: - on both of the two.
How do morphological analysis
One of the themes in the study named cardinal in the school curriculum is a numeral analysis of morphological characters.It is produced on a definite plan.
is primarily determined by the numeral represented as part of the speech, refer to its morphological features.
is followed to allocate the initial form of words as to what class it belongs (ordinal or cardinal number), structure (simple or compound), and especially his declination for case.
next step - the definition of non-permanent signs.This case, gender and number, if any, can be identified.
Finally, describe the syntax parsing function of the word in a sentence, what part of speech it is connected, and is consistent with it.Although this analysis numerals hardly anyone will come in handy in life (except that the future philologists), but for the proper use of words in speech and writing to be able to make it a must.
