Adjective - one of the main parts of speech in the Russian language used by native speakers all the time.It has a number of indicators, so before you answer the question of how the adjective is necessary to clarify what is meant by this part of speech.
What is an adjective?
term "adjective" appeared in the Russian language for a long time, and it was formed from the Latin word adjectivum, which means "addition".That is why the lexical meaning of the word "adjective" should be considered "a name that is attached to a noun."
In general, the adjective refers to the lexical and grammatical class of word forms, indicating the non-procedural feature of an object.The lexical meaning in this case is expressed by inflectional categories.In adjectives in a sentence has its own syntactic function - definition in particularly difficult cases, they are an integral nominal predicate.
Adjective: three in one
Speaking of the adjective, it should be noted three of understanding of the term.According to the first, to this part of the speech should be classified as proper adjectives, pronouns, adjectives, participles and ordinal type numerals.The lexical meaning of these words (a sign of the object) is complemented by new shades.This view is called a wide understanding of adjective.
There is a formal position of the moderate type, in which only included under the adjectives proper adjectives and ordinal numbers.This view was popular in the 60-70-ies of XX century, until it gave way to a broader understanding, actively lobbied "Russian grammar-80."
When the narrow sense of an adjective it includes only proper adjectives.Many linguists prefer to adhere to this approach, as soon as it takes into account all the signs by which the selection is carried out one or another part of speech.On the basis of this view today is carried out analysis of the adjective.
How does the adjective?
adjective has a number of morphological categories, by which it can be changed if necessary.All of these categories are dependent on other parts of speech, adjectival ending is universal morpheme that can indicate inflectional categories.
Adjectives vary by gender, number and case, with the transition of speech in a plural kind of disappear as unnecessary.Most often clarify inflectional categories adjective can be using it in conjunction with the end of the end of a noun.Sometimes it happens that an adjective used to indeclinable nouns, and at the end to get complete information about the word is not possible.In this case, by the end of the adjective will depend on the value of gender, number and case of a noun.The number of adjectives here plays an important role because it affects directly all parameters.
Short and long forms of adjectives
Most adjectives have a concise and comprehensive form.In the days of the Old Slavonic (Old Russian) language priority use short forms, now the situation has changed quite the opposite.
Adjectives in full form often placed before the noun, in which case the sentence they play a role definition.If the full adjective turned the noun, it is often the name of the part of the compound nominal predicate.If the proposal is not a verb, adjective takes on the role of the predicate.
Short adjectives most often placed behind the noun, in this case they act as a nominal part of a composite nominal predicate.If the proposal has the predicate expressed by a verb, an adjective can play short feature separate agreed-upon definition.
short forms of adjectives (qualitative)
Some qualitative adjectives have kept the short form, the remnants of the active use of this phenomenon in the ancient language.These forms are commonly referred time characteristics that may be applicable to certain situations, moreover, they can pass softened definitive assessment of a particular feature.
in modern Russian short form is completed with bases full of adjectives, to which should be added to the end of the birth.In the formation of short adjectives masculine may appear alternating letters "o" and "e" with zero sound, this phenomenon is a consequence of the fall reduced.
It is important to distinguish between a short form of truncated adjectives, are widely used in folklore and literature.Short adjectives can only be qualitative and changed only by gender and numbers, they are most often used in postposition in relation to the noun.
discharges adjectives
To understand how the adjective, it is necessary to address its lexical and grammatical categories.Qualifying adjective can denote quality of people, objects and animals, color signs, as well as to give an overall assessment of any phenomenon, referred to in the proposal.
relative adjectives differ in that the express indication of the subject indirectly, by his attitude to the subject or to any action.With them is the ratio of persons, animals, objects, actions, concepts, places, times and numbers.The lexical meaning is transferred by means of special suffixes.
Possessive adjectives - the most difficult bit.In a broad sense to include it adjectives with suffixes of possession, in the narrow sense - the part of speech should simultaneously have two characteristics - the suffix and individual belonging to a person or object.
How to analyze an adjective?
Morphological analysis of the adjective - is a fairly simple procedure that can be performed in a few minutes.The circuit analysis is equally valid for both the school level and for the university, so there are no problems and the extra hassle it does not deliver.If necessary, consult with language guides.
In parsing must specify: word form, word forms belonging to the part of speech, categorical value + the initial form of the question to her and semantic question.Next, you must specify all the lexical and grammatical markers and type of inducement (a performance).For qualitative adjectives need to specify komparativy and short forms (with the evidence in the form of indicators).Further, it should be noted for what it indexes the adjective agrees with the noun (gender, number, case), and specify its syntactic function in the sentence.
Unstressed end adjectives
Quite often there is a situation when check adjectival ending is very difficult, because it is unstressed.In this case, you will need to use a series of questions (what? What? What? What? What?).It should be remembered, and exceptions - adjectives ending in "-th", "-e", "-ya" "-y", they have in most forms is placed before the end of the soft sign: rabbit, rabbit, rabbit.
exception is the nominative and accusative singular masculine.If the adjective was derived from the name of a month, the soft sign will remain: July - July.
how to study an adjective?
earlier period, when beginning to explore an adjective (Grade 3), arranged by no means all, that is why on the parts of speech children today learn much earlier than previous generations.The adjective is much easier to learn, because it is closely connected with other parts of speech - nouns, and even has similar grammatical characteristics.
To learn how the adjective necessary in the classroom to make every effort and to listen carefully to their teacher.However, if a child accidentally missed a session and catch up to him now is very difficult, it can open any guide of a large number of scientific literature and found the answer to his question.The answer in this case can not always be right, and it must be considered in the search.
in high school format adjective studied much deeper, but its development is given a few hours to help the student to repeat a basic understanding of this part of the speech.However, students of high schools have access to the library and can easily and quickly find the information they need.
