notion of the political system emerged in political science is still in the middle of the XX century and implies the total of a set of institutional and legal norms governing society.First and foremost, of course, in the political sphere (except it has a cultural, social and economic), ie the ratio between the authorities and the people, the transfer of powers, its implementation, and so on.At the same time they were selected and types of political systems of society, each of which had the characteristic features in the exercise of power.Various states and countries have passed completely unique historical path.Not surprisingly, the specific experiences of societies in different parts of the world gave them a completely different kind of political system.For example, democracy could not have arisen in the depths of the Eastern tyrants and was a logical result of the development of capitalism.
political system.Concept and types
modern political science there are three main types of existing in the world today.
kinds of political systems: democracy
At the heart of this system is the principle of collective decision-making.Once she was born in the ancient Greek city and the meeting was characterized by all the citizens of the city (eklessiya) to make important decisions, as well as for the election of the board of the Archons - a kind of organ of government.Today, however, the state is usually very ambitious for such a simple single meeting.Yet the basic principles of democracy are preserved.Moreover, it has developed through the experience of nation-building and theoretical works of thinkers of modern and contemporary.The modern democratic system requires the mandatory separation of powers in order to prevent its usurpation, regular re-election of each of these branches and government posts, equality before the law, regardless of wealth or official position.Important in this concept - people recognized the supreme power resides, while any government body - only his servant.This includes the right of reply to the masses uprising in the event of the government within the law.
kinds of political systems: authoritarianism
Although the mechanisms of democratic systems of protection against usurpation of power, the latter sometimes happens.It may be, for example, the result of a military coup, and may not be the result of democracy, which was formed in the state in place archaic forms (for example, the monarchy to maintain its position to the present day).Authoritarianism is characterized by a concentration of governmental powers in the hands of one person or a group of like-minded people.Often it is accompanied by the violation of human and civil rights, the lack of a real opposition in the country and so on.
types of political system: totalitarianism
At first glance, this system is very similar to authoritarianism.However, if he holds the power of the military bayonets and repression of political freedoms, the totalitarianism differs profound control over public and spiritual life of society.The man is from the early years through various government organizations brought up in the belief that this government and this way only true.Because, paradoxically, often totalitarian systems characterized by greater legitimacy than authoritarian.
