Despite the fact that in recent years the military equipment was substantially upgraded, mortar weapons is still the main weapon for any military unit.In general, this is due to the fact that the development of these weapons developers have managed to combine high efficiency with low firing costs.This weapon is best suited to provide fire support to infantry, especially in cases where the fighting take place in remote areas with difficult terrain.
Types mortars
greatest popularity in the military industry earned 120 mm mortar model 1943 under the name PM-43, on the basis of which was developed by a large number of modern versions:
- 2B11 - standard version;
- 2B24 - domestic modification significantly superior performance of firing all imported counterparts;
2V11 - modification, license produced in Bulgaria; - 2S12 - a mortar complex called "Sani".Its design is represented by a machine 2F510 (GAZ-66), which is transported installation and wheel swing 2L81 intended for use with the standard version mortar 2B11;
- 2K32 - 2B24 mortar class is on the basis of an armored tracked;
- 2B25 - used by special units.It has several advantages, allowing to make attacks where the adversary can not determine the location of installation and as a consequence, eliminate it.Available also in version of "Commando" with a range of up to 3 km, with a total weight of the structure, not exceeding 12 kg.
Application 2B11
In that case, if you want to destroy or suppress the fire half the movements of infantry combat forces or enemy mortar of 120 mm, the characteristics of which fully meet the stated requirements will be an indispensable tool.In this field of application it is very diverse.It can be used to fire on the steep slopes, mountain ranges, canyons and forests.Successfully used to destroy enemy trenches, trenches and various military installations light construction.If necessary, it can be make holes in the barbed wire, or to repel the attacks of the enemy at any time.
main varieties of 120 mm mortar used in 2B11
operability, which reached 120 mm mortar, the characteristics of which are given with the expectation of 5 people in recent years has been greatly improved in the CSRI "Petrel".Now construction is transported to the Ural-43206 automobiles and armored tracked MT-LB, allowing the crew to ensure the accompanying maximum protection.
Key used mines:
- high-explosive weighing up to 15.9 kg;
- incendiary;
- smoke;
- lighting;
- agitation.
At the same time that should be spent to ensure that, if necessary, to take a firing position, is 8 minutes and to leave it, will need to spend about 6 minutes.
Start of production of modern mortars
Standard mortar of 120 mm, the performance characteristics which are fully based on the original sample of World War II, was published in 1979 in the Central Scientific Research Institute "Burevesnik" (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia).He was named 2B11 and standing on arms in 1981, and began mass-produced at the company 'Motovilikhinsky plant "for the work which was released about 1,500 mortar shells of this type.
device mortar 2B11
In fact, the 120 mm mortar - a device with recoilless design, set using bipod and breech with the support of the fifth on a rigid plate.It serves as a support, to be placed directly on the ground.Since the charge is made only through the barrel, and in terms of fighting ability to bookmark a double charge, the first of which will fuse the second, triggering an explosion directly into the muzzle of the mortar, the majority of modifications 2B11 got to muzzle a special mechanism to prevent such an act and as a result - getting aroundsignificant injuries.
Compared to the 1943 model 120 mm mortar, the characteristics of which have received significant changes, cast from modern materials, greatly simplify its structure and transportation.The design of the model was equipped with a sight MPM-44M, ensuring maximum precision hitting in the distance from 480 to 7100 m. If necessary, the MMM-44 can be increased by more than 2 °, allowing a field of more than 9 °.
An important was the ability to translate more and mortar of 120 mm, a photo of which is presented below in the firing position in less than 2 minutes, which saves time for the product shots in a surprise attack.
In the case where the use of 2B11 is held in the area where the car will not pass 2F510, mortar mounted directly on crawlers, greatly facilitate the transportation of weapons.
Mortar 120mm Mortar TTX
2B11 can be used for firing all sorts of types of mines with a caliber of 120 mm.This category includes even managed mines category KM-8 "Fringe", is already on this fact can properly judge the performance of combat, which shows 120 mm mortar.Reviews troops of this gun allow to judge the performance of maximum firing range, which is about 7500 m at the usual charge.
total mass of all the modifications, including directly 2B11, is 210 kg, enabling users to make more than 15 shots per minute at an initial rate of charge of not less than 325 m / c.The design of the barrel with a length of 1740 mm provides vertical guidance angle in the range from + 45 ° to + 80 °.Horizontal indices thus vary within ± 5 °, maintaining performance of sight 360 ° angle with the horizontal fire from 5 ° to 26 °.
Basic data
Mortar 120 mm, the radius of destruction is controlled by firing the mine reaches 9000 m, is by far the most effective weapon to suppress the enemy firepower and cover the movement of infantry troops.
Shooting is done by mortar rounds with fuses Class GVMZ-7 and a variable charge.It is noteworthy that the machine 2F510 (GAZ-66) with a V-8 cylinder engine, which is transported 2B11, can carry with him only strictly defined reserve charge is placed in 24 boxes.Ammunition is designed to work 48 shots that can make mortar of 120 mm.Characteristics of the device enables to perform loading and unloading 2B11 in the body of the car without the use of heavy machinery.
In the case of people to carry out this procedure for any reason is not enough, the mortar is transported in tow.This engine is a petrol 2F510 and belongs to a class of ZMZ-66-06, which capacity is 120 liters.from.The maximum permissible speed of movement on the highway is 90 km / h.
In the event that a car with mortar installation has to overcome a river ford, for the normal passage of the machine have to perform preliminary measurements.In the deepest part of the maximum water level must not exceed 1 m.
brake system is equipped with a hydraulic drive with multiple contours and gidrovakkuumnymi amplifiers on each of them.These factors allow for reliable transport 2B11 even in harsh field conditions.The only weakness 2F510 is dependent on poliellipticheskih suspension springs with shock absorbers.
Prospects for 2B11
Currently, developers are busy forming a new image of a unified set of 120 mm mortar 2B11 to provide the design maximum range with full automation of preparation and firing precision-guided munitions.
Options mortar will depend on what will be its load capacity and dimensions.In this simplified system, established in the hydropneumatic support is planned for placement on the chassis of the class "Tiger" and IVECO, which will have a significant impact not only transportation, but also on ease of use.So it planned to improve existing option that fire attack will be no noise, flames and smoke, accompanying the shot.
Continuous development of new models and improve existing mortar systems supports the consistently high rating of Russia in the field of military industry and the state provides one of the first places in the world.
