Fusarium wilt, Fusarium, or - is an infectious fungal disease that affects a variety of crops.Cause its agents of fungal etiology (imperfect fungi Fusarium), which in nature, there are about 70 species.They may manifest themselves as parasites or semiparasites, saprophytes or symbionts, but long-term studies have shown that the disease mainly affects the plants, weakened due to other factors.
Pathogens often enter the plant through the root system in the future cause its extinction.Within the vascular system develops an extensive branched mycelium, so that the affected plant dies.Fusarium wilt is developing very fast, in fact it takes place a few days after infection.
disease is spread in all climatic zones.In our country the most common in the south, southeast or in the Far Eastern regions.On average, in the most unfavorable years, the yield of different cultures could be reduced by 40%.
Fusarium wilt of cucumber at an early stage can be diagnosed at the top of the bowed during the hottest hours.If the disease is severe, the plant withers completely and immediately.He suffers from the root system - the main rhizome dies off, but the side branches partially retain vitality.
Fusarium wilt in tomato begins to change the color of the lower leaves.They become chlorotic and wilted.With the development of the disease changes the color of the veins - they get brown.Gradually, all the leaves begin to die, there is necrosis.
Fusarium wilt of strawberry starts with the withering away of tissue on the edge of the small leaves and wilting.Then the stalks and leaves turn brown and loses its elasticity and outlet apart.Perhaps the rot at high humidity.Completely plant dies after approximately 1.5 months.
In general, it can be noted that the Fusarium wilt can occur at any stage of the life cycle of the plant, but most often it occurs in the flowering period.
How is infection
main source of infection - a contaminated soil.Therefore, most affected plants in greenhouses, where the soil does not change, and does not apply rotation.Another reason for the occurrence of Fusarium - infected seeds.Mushrooms grow and develop along with the plant, and then destroy it.
Fusarium Wilt: prevention and control of disease
Etching planting material will prevent the possibility of entering pathogens in the garden with seeds.Good soil digging, hoeing, replacing the substrate, crop rotation and disinfection instrument also lead to a decrease in the possibility of the appearance of the disease.Mushrooms grow well at high temperature (about 28 ° C), high humidity and short photoperiod.Therefore, you must be well ventilated greenhouses.As a precaution should be once a week to inspect the beds and to identify the affected plants.The diseased specimens are removed and burned.Good results show preliminary steaming of the soil and its disinfection with special biological agents on the basis of fungal antagonists.Because chemicals can be applied "Privekur."
