The climate of Ukraine determines its geographical position.The state is on the East European Plain, bordering the Black and Azov seas.The area experiencing the effect of the air of the Atlantic and, to some extent, the Arctic Ocean.The climate of Ukraine is temperate continental.Weather in different regions of the country is determined by the solar radiation, atmospheric circulation and relief.Let us examine this in more detail.
Solar radiation
geographical position of Ukraine - the average latitude temperate zone lighting.Most of the solar radiation reaches the earth from May to September, therefore, in the spring, summer and autumn increases the number of warm days.The amount of light reaching the earth more than on the east, in the west there is a big cloudy.
air circulation
Different types of air masses affect the redistribution of heat and moisture, and hence the climate of Ukraine.Pass through the territories of the flow of air as a "local origin" and to come back from afar.From the west, the north-west there are the air masses of the Atlantic Ocean, so the winter becomes warmer and the summer is cool.Also, air masses of the Atlantic contribute to the humidified air to a greater extent in the west and northwest of the country.
Ukraine accounts for dry temperate continental air masses, formed over the center of Eurasia.Their impact is increasingly felt in the south and east of the state.It fixed the cold weather in winter and hot in summer.
significant cooling in the winter, late onset of spring in the Arctic air masses cause.The sharp warming is due to the air from the tropics.
Since air masses are different, the climate of Ukraine depends on me cold and warm weather fronts, cyclones, anticyclones.Cyclones form unstable weather with lots of rain and strong gusts of wind.Due to the weather set anticyclones dry, mild winter and cool summer.
axis Voeikov
The climate in Ukraine in the winter affect the zone of high atmospheric pressure, the so-called axis O. Voeikov.In winter, the pressure in the area of Lugansk, Dnepropetrovsk, the Baltic States increased at the expense of the crests of the Azores and Siberian anticyclone.In the summer axis it weakened as it forms only Azores anticyclone.
axis north westerly winds blow, carrying heat and moisture to the south - dry winds of the eastern and south-eastern areas.
an atmospheric pressure area was named after the scientist and substantiate it climatologist.
Relief
The underlying surface absorbs and converts solar radiation, influencing the climate.Soil, plants, surface water and snow have different values reflected and total radiation.Climatic conditions also depend on the backcountry from the ocean.
Most of Ukraine occupies a plain, so that air currents do not encounter obstacles.As we move to the east sea air masses are transformed into continental, due to which the climate of eastern and western Ukraine different.
obstacle circulating air are the Carpathian Mountains.Through the mountains do not get cold Arctic air masses, so the weather in the Carpathians somewhat warmer than in other regions of the country.
Precipitation
Most precipitation in Ukraine falls in the mountains.Air currents move upward quickly, so most of the peaks formed Cloudy than on the plain.
average annual rainfall of 600-800 millimeters equals.From rain and snow most affected Carpathians (1400-1600 mm per year).The climate of the eastern coast of Ukraine and more arid.These regions are characterized by loss of 150-350 millimeters of rainfall annually.
From April to September in the country is rain and in the cold season - snow.
climate of western Ukraine is characterized by the fact that here in the summer time there are changes in temperature, heavy showers, thunderstorms, and in the fall - mists.In Lviv and the surrounding area is often a fine drizzle of rain, which the locals call mzhichkoy.
Seasons
In Ukraine, clearly marked four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, winter.The transition from winter to summer is half or two months and begins with the melting of snow.In large river basins flood occur.Across the country, blowing strong gusty winds.
By early April, the trees begin to blossom, and in May, make the return migration of birds.The air temperature during the day rises to + 15-20 ° C, night frosts sometimes occur.
summer set mostly warm weather.The air warms up to + 30 ° C and above.Precipitation is somewhat larger than in the spring, but not enough for this hot summer.The warm season lasts 3-3.5 months in the north and the south of 4-4.5.
autumn rains begin to go.The most rainy months - October and November.In late September comes Indian Summer: air temperature increases for a few days up to + 20-25 ° C, and then again advancing cold (October - + 13 ° C, Nov. - + 6 ° C).Birds fly south.The transition from summer to winter lasts up to two months.
After autumn comes snowy and cold winters.Average air temperature is lowered to -8 ° C, but experts were fixed and a thirty-cooling.More snow falls in mountainous areas, less - in the plain.The thicker the blanket of snow, the greater will be the spring floods.
That's what climate in Ukraine.Continentality changes from northwest to southeast, and thermal conditions - from north to south.Weather in the mountains is different from that of the plain.
