natural border of the Russian Federation to the north - it is the Arctic Ocean.Once it was called Jelly Sea or the Arctic basin.Today, the pool has six Ocean Seas, which is officially called the Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi.Unfortunately, throughout this natural area develops severe environmental situation.We have a closer look at the White Sea.Environmental problems are made up of a number of factors.These include climate change, political uncertainty, hunting.
Sea covers an area of over 90 square kilometers and reaches a depth of 350 m. It is here that are Solovki, Morzhovets, Mudyugsky islands, which are inextricably linked with the history of our country.In the first on the list is the famous Solovetsky monastery.
Localization White Sea
Although it belongs to the Arctic Ocean, the sea is located in the mainland, near the northern coast of Russia.The salinity reaches 35%.In winter it freezes.Through Straits throat and funnel connected to the Barents Sea.With the help of the White Sea-Baltic Canal, vessels may take place in the Baltic Sea, Azov, Caspian, Black.This route was the naming of the Volga-Baltic.Only conditionally a straight line, which imitates the border separates the Barents and White Sea.Problems Sea require immediate solutions.
Firstly, massively exterminated animals, including marine, biological resources disappear.Some representatives of the fauna that lived in the Far North, just disappeared.
Second, changing the state of the soil, which becomes unfrozen from the permafrost.This is a global cataclysm warming, resulting in melting glaciers.Thirdly, it is a number of states in the North carries out its nuclear tests.Such activities are conducted under the label of extreme secrecy, so scientists is difficult to understand the true extent of the damage and pollution as a result of nuclear effects.These are now the main challenges of the White Sea.Summary of the list known to the world, but little is being done to address them.
position of Russia and other countries
first problem - the destruction of the animals - has been brought under government control at the end of the last century, when there was a moratorium on catching animals, birds and fish.This greatly improved the condition of the region.At the same time the global problem of melting ice, and nuclear pollution affect one state is quite difficult.From these factors affected the coastal area and all the White Sea.Problems of the sea in the near future will grow because of the planned gas and oil in the ocean.This will lead to additional pollution of ocean waters.
fact that the territory of the Arctic Ocean still belong to no one.A number of countries engaged in the carve-up areas.Therefore, to solve the question is difficult.At the international level, put two issues: economic use of mineral resources of the Arctic and the ecological state of the Arctic Ocean.Moreover, the development of nefteuglerodnyh deposits, unfortunately, a priority.While the state and share the excitement of the Continental Shelf nature experiencing more problems biobalance violated.And the timing of when the world community will begin to deal with the accumulated problems, has not yet delivered.
Russia looks at the state of the environmental situation of the North Basin as if from the outside.Our country is concerned only with the coastline north and the White Sea.Environmental problems can not arise only in one area - this is an issue that should be approached globally.
What's the priority?
In developing the oilfield people contribute to further environmental degradation.Do not stop any well depth, nor their number, nor the fact that the region can be attributed to environmental hazards.We can assume that will be built in one stage of the mine oil in large quantities.The wells will be located a short distance from one another and thus belong to different countries.
Consequences of nuclear tests can be eliminated, and it really needs to do, but in the North to carry out cleaning measures are quite expensive because of the conditions of permafrost.In addition, for the countries not yet established the legal responsibility for these areas.It is best explored environmental issues of the White Sea.Briefly they tried to present the committee with the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, to predict with major development trends.
impermanent permafrost
Siberian permafrost boundary in the western part of constantly shifting due to global warming.Thus, according to the Emergencies Ministry, in 2030 it will move to 80 km.Today the volume of eternal icing is reduced by 4 cm per year.
This can lead to the fact that in Russia after fifteen years of housing north can be destroyed by 25%.This is due to the fact that the construction of houses is going on with the help of driving piles in a layer of permafrost.If the average temperature rises even a few degrees, the bearing capacity of the foundation is reduced by half.Dangers are also subject to underground storage of oil and other industrial facilities.Roads and airports may also be affected.
When melting glaciers, there is another risk associated with an increase in the northern rivers.A few years ago it was assumed that their volume in the spring of 2015 will increase by 90%, causing heavy flooding.Floods cause destruction of coastal areas, and there is a risk when driving on highways.In the North, where the White Sea, the problems are the same as in Siberia.
depth conversion
for Ecology and dangerous methane gas emitted from the soil in the process of melting glaciers deep.Methane increases the temperature of the lower atmosphere.In addition, natural gas has a negative impact on human health of local residents.
in the Arctic over the last 35 years the ice has decreased from 7.2 million to 4.3 million square kilometers.This means a reduction of permafrost areas by almost 40%.The thickness of the ice has decreased by almost half.However, there are positive aspects.At the South Pole melting ice caused the earthquake due to the abrupt nature of the melt.In the North, this process is gradual, and the overall situation is more predictable.To ensure the safety of the residents of the northern territories leadership MOE decided to equip two expeditions to Novaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands and ocean beaches.
New
dangerous project on the ecological situation greatly affects the construction of hydraulic structures, such as power plants.They include the construction of the large-scale impact on the environment.
on the territory of the White Sea is Mezenskaya PES - tidal power - affects both the water and on the geographical and ecological environment of the land.Construction PES leads primarily to a change in the natural water circulation.During the construction of the dam of the reservoir turns into a kind of lake with a different swing and over.
What environmentalists fear?
Of course, in the process of designing complex engineers have been able to predict the impact on the local biosystem, the White Sea.Problems of the sea, however, often appear only during commercial operation, and engineering surveys have been working on the ecology of coastal areas.
When PES is working, reduced wave energy, as well as the impact on the drift of the ice fields will change the flow regime.All this will lead to a change in the structure of sediments on the seabed and coastal zone.It is worth noting that the geography of fat plays a major role in biocenosis system.During the construction of power plants weight onshore deposits will be transferred to the depth in the form of suspension, and will suffer all the White Sea.Environmental issues will become tougher as the coast of the northern seas are not environmentally friendly, so if you hit the coast at a depth of soil causes secondary pollution.
problem - like a teaspoon of salt in the sea
study of Arctic ecosystems today is the key to a safe state of nature in a few decades.Part of the coast along the Arctic Ocean was subject to more studies to this area include, for example, the White Sea.Problems of the Laptev Sea has not yet been studied.That is why recently here was equipped with a small expedition.
sponsor scholars oil company "Rosneft".The expedition set off employees Murmansk Marine Biological Institute.Forty scientists manning the ship "Far Zelentsy."The purpose of the mission voiced its leader Dmitry Ishkulov.According Ishkulov, the priority was to study the links of ecosystems, getting information about the eco-biological condition of the sea.
known that in the basin of the Laptev Sea live as small fish and birds and large animals such as the polar bear, whale.It is assumed that in the basin of the northern reservoir is legendary Sannikov Land.
As the organizers of the campaign, such as working with such a serious amount not carried out earlier in the Arctic ever.
