war can be conducted by various means.In fact, it never stops, and that its phase at which in the course are the guns, tanks, missiles and aircraft, it is simply an extreme form.States of the world, and particularly the superpowers, are constantly tested each other's strength, trying to keep their interests, and possibly oust competitors.One way of "peaceful war" often serves to put economic pressure referred to a Spanish word embargo, translatable as "ban."What is the embargo, what are its implications for the parties to the conflict, and how to fight more often those countries that have been him?First you need to understand the very essence of punitive sanctions.
Evaluating the effectiveness of the embargo
Before starting the conflict should determine the chances of success, it is usually necessary for all cases.If you do not have full confidence in victory, there is no need to challenge.The same applies to measures of economic impact.Let's say for some of the state is something offended neighbors.It does not matter, just whether their anger, or they simply become accustomed to the privileges that they suddenly deprived.It is possible that the leadership of this country is really pursuing an aggressive policy, or simply defending its security, seeing the hostile forces is getting closer to its borders.And neighboring powers want to "put pressure", but does not believe that such an embargo would be an effective measure of coercion to the right solution for them.
For example, after the Soviet invasion of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan in 1979, the American company "Coca-Cola" has announced its refusal to supply refreshments for the guests of the Moscow Olympics.The measure, of course, terrible, but the Soviet Union is not worried.
Wheat embargo
lemonade, of course, is not the most important thing, but the corn - the product is important.Despite the abundance of land, including black soil, the Soviet Union never achieved in the history of its existence, full of food autonomy.The dependence on supplies of grain from the United States took place in 1975 was awarded a contract of annual imports worth about a billion dollars (at that time it was a lot of money).Of course, after the invasion of the DRA it was hard to expect that the Americans did not take the opportunity to "hit the point of pain."From such punitive measures, and the US economy was suffering because sales of agricultural products - a very important part of the foreign trade balance.However, the ambitions were stronger, and hoped that such an embargo, coupled with the boycott of the Games will force the Soviet Union to withdraw immediately, yet was.Again, "Coca-Cola» ...
impact was strong but not fatal, import substitution occurred almost instantaneously, wheat with great pleasure began to sell many countries with developed agricultural industry in Canada, Argentina, Australia and even Spain.Perhaps if there had been the Western world solidarity, we would have ourselves to learn how to grow good crops, and may even dissolve the collective farms ...
ban the purchase or sale?
meaning of the embargo could be twofold.The ban on the sale of some goods of strategic economic or military significance, as a rule, combined with the limitation of imports of goods produced in a country-outcast.There are many examples, and these measures do not always lead to nasty consequences, sometimes they cause the opposite effect.For example, the ban on the sale of large diameter pipes from Germany at one time (in 1963) forced the Soviet government to allocate funds for the development of technology and production of these products to the Soviet Union.
In 1974, the OPEC states, offended by the Western democracies for the support of those of Israel announced an oil embargo.The value of hydrocarbons has always been huge for the world economy, the price immediately jumped rapidly, ordinary citizens of Europe, the USA and even Japan have felt the impact of the measure directly on their wallets.However, the positive role played by the Arab embargo.Citizens of rich countries have become accustomed to save, we have developed a number of advanced energy-saving technologies, many of them switched to economy cars and taken many more measures to reduce the consumption of petroleum products.
longest embargo
Perhaps the longest case of the embargo - is the economic blockade "Liberty Island" - Cuba.After the nationalization of the property of multinational companies in the US and the establishment of socialism in this country, Americans have tried to resolve the issue of the return of unjustly (in their opinion) property taken away by military means, but got quite a decent armed resistance.Then the "sugar bowl USA" decided to kill by entering into foreign vacuum.Presidents from Kennedy to Obama, and believe now, after decades of economic pressure that such an embargo will make Cubans to overthrow the hated Castro for them, having made another revolution (perhaps it would be called "sweet").Despite their proximity to Florida, this has not happened yet.Perhaps the US administration have better things to do ...
