word "destruction" has Latin roots.Literally this term means "destruction."Actually, in the broad sense, destruction - a violation of the integrity of the normal structure or destruction.This definition can be interpreted narrowly.For example, we can say that the destruction - a focus or component (s) of behavior and the human psyche, with devastating and related subjects or objects.Where and how to use this concept?This - continued.
General
original representation of the presence of a human forces and elements having a destructive focus on external objects or himself, formed in ancient mythology, philosophy, religion.These concepts are subsequently got some development in different spheres.In the 20th century there were some updated understanding.Many researchers attribute this surge to the various phenomena in society, psychoanalytic problems, different social disasters.These issues are sufficiently tightly held various thinkers of the time.Among them, Jung, Freud, Fromm, Gross, Reich and other theorists and practitioners.
Working human activity
What is the destruction of the individual in the career field?In the process of working activity marked the transformation of individual to individual.Profession, on one hand, contributes to the formation and development of the individual.On the other, the workflow devastating effect on a person in the physical and psychological sense.Thus, it can be noted that the transformation of the person occurs in directions opposite to each other.In the area of career development of the most effective tools are those that contribute to the strengthening of the first conscious tendencies while minimizing the latter.Professional degradation are gradually accumulated negative changes in personality and ways of life.This phenomenon occurs as a result of a monotone of the same type of work for a long period.As a result, the quality of employment generated unwanted.They contribute to the development and strengthening of psychological crises and tension.That's what the destruction of a career in the field.
Medicine
In some cases, the destructive processes can contribute to the elimination of certain adverse events.In particular, such effect is observed in medicine.The destruction can be useful?This phenomenon is caused deliberately applied, for example, in gynecology.In the treatment of various pathologies doctors use different methods.One is the radiofrequency destruction.It is used in diseases such as cysts on the walls of the vagina, warts, erosion, dysplasia.Radiowave destruction of the cervix is a painless and quick way the impact on the affected area.This method of treatment of pathologies can be recommended even nulliparous women.
Oncology
Many diseases are accompanied by tissue destruction.Such diseases include cancer, and.One particular case is a tumor (sarcoma) Ewing.This cell round bony growths.The tumor is sensitive to this radiation.In comparison with other malignancies, this pathology occurs in a fairly young age, between 10 th and 20 th years.Accompanied by a tumor lesion of bone extremities, but may develop in other areas.Neoplasm includes densely arranged round cells.The most characteristic symptoms include swelling and soreness.Sarcoma different trend to a significant distribution and in some cases covers the entire central department of the long bones.On radiographs of the affected area it does not look as broadly as it is in reality.Using MRI and CT are determined by the boundaries of pathology.The disease is accompanied by lytic bone destruction.This change is considered to be the most characteristic of the disease.However, there are a number of cases, "onion", multiple layers of bone formed by the periosteum.It should be noted that previously these changes related to the classical clinical signs.The diagnosis should be based on biopsy.This is due to the fact that a similar pattern of X-ray examination can be observed on the background of other bone tumor malignancy.Treatment involves the use of different combinations of radiation, chemotherapy and surgical techniques.The use of the complex therapeutic measures can eliminate the pathology of more than 60% of patients with primary local form of Ewing's sarcoma.
chemical degradation
This phenomenon can be observed under the influence of various agents.In particular, these include water, oxygen, alcohols, acids, and others.As depleting agents may be also physical effects.For example, among the most popular are ionizing radiation, light, heat, mechanical energy.Chemical destruction - a process that takes place is not selectively provided physical impact.This is due to the relative proximity of the energy characteristics of bonds.
polymer degradation
This process is considered to be the most studied to date.In this case the selectivity observed phenomenon.The process is accompanied by the rupture of carbon-heteroatom bond.The result of failure in this case is the monomer.The much greater resistance to chemical agents observed in carbon-carbon bond.In this case destruction - a process possible only under stringent conditions or in the presence of side groups that reduce the strength of the bonds of the main chain compound.
Classification
In accordance with the characteristics of the decay products are separated depolymerization and destruction at random.The latter refers to the process which is the inverse of the polycondensation reaction.During his form fragments that are larger than the value of the monomer unit.The depolymerization process is thought to occur sequentially disconnecting monomers from the edge of the circuit.In other words, there is a reaction, the opposite connection links the polymerization.These types of degradation can occur either simultaneously or separately.Besides these two, probably a third phenomenon.In this case, it refers to the destruction of the weak bonds present in the center of the macromolecule.In the process of destruction of a casual connection is fairly rapid drop in the molecular weight of the polymer.In this depolarization effect is much slower.For example, polymethyl methacrylate having a molecular weight of 44 000, degree of polymerization of the residual substance is almost unchanged until as depolymerization has passed 80%.
Thermal degradation
In principle, against the splitting of compounds by heat should not be different from the hydrocarbon cracking, chain mechanism which is installed with absolute certainty.In accordance with the chemical structure of the polymers is determined by their resistance to heat, the rate of decay and the characteristics of the products formed in the process.The first step, however, will always be the formation of free radicals.Increasing the reaction is accompanied by a decoupling circuit and a decrease in molecular weight.Breakage can occur through disproportionation or recombination of free radicals.In this case, a change may occur fractional composition, the formation of spatial and branched structures and may appear at the ends of the double bonds of the macromolecules.
substances that affect the speed of the process
During thermal degradation, as with any chain reaction, acceleration is due to components capable of easily disintegrate into free radicals.The slowdown is observed in the presence of compounds which are scavengers.So, for example, increasing the rate of conversion of rubber is celebrated under the influence of azo and diazo component.During heating the polymers at a temperature from 80 to 100 degrees with the presence of these initiators only marked degradation.By increasing the concentration of the compound in solution is marked predominance of intermolecular reactions leading to gel formation and the formation of the spatial structure.In the process of thermal decomposition of polymers with lower average molecular weights and structural changes observed depolymerization (cleavage monomer).At a temperature of more than 60 degrees when the block decomposition of methyl methacrylate in the presence of benzoyl peroxide breaks the chain primarily through disproportionation.As a result, half of the molecules should have a terminal double bond.In this case, it becomes evident that macromolecular gap will require less than the saturated molecule activation energy.
