On the eve of the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War involuntarily recall the exploits of Soviet soldiers.Their heroism embodied in prose, poetry, films, performances, monuments.Orders and medals which were kept in old caskets under a pile of papers, reminiscent of the grandchildren of the glorious ways of their grandfathers.
than one generation of Soviet schoolchildren with bated breath listened to the stories of veterans alive.The country can repay its heroes, only noting their meritorious deeds.
Among the many differences mainly considered the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.List of awarded them today is about three million people.About dreamed it all - from private to general of the army.
How did the Order?
In order to raise morale in 1942 Stalin put forward the initiative on the establishment of the Order "For Military Merit".Making sketches commissioned two artists: Kuznetsov and Dmitriev.As a result, the Supreme Commander was represented by two works from each.
left in finalizing the layout Kuznetsova, but the inscription taken from a sketch Dmitrieva.On a white background, bordering the ruby red circle with a hammer and sickle, there is a phrase: "World War II".The inscription so harmoniously fit into the general view that this entailed a decision to rename the insignia of the Order of the Patriotic War.
Award has a number of unique characteristics:
- first Order of the Soviet Union, which appeared during the war.
- The list of the awarded Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree included both people and military units, communities, businesses and institutions.
- the first time the award had two degrees.
- only reward until the end of the 70-ies of the XX century, which did not give up after the death of the award.
- first precedent when pointing in the Statute of certain deeds for submission to the Order.
- the first time in the USSR was used for fixing the block order.
- The largest award.Voted on the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree in 1985 a list of candidates exceeded two million.
This Order is still the most prominent sign of the Great Victory.
decree establishing dated May 1942.Twice the Order underwent changes - in June 1943 and December 1947.
Statute Order
Paragraphs statute specifically prescribed thirty martial feats for which the ability to hit the list of the awarded Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.
The number of such people could enter the military of any rank.Order is the second oldest.Mounted on the right chest.
Appearance and description
What is the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.In the photo, in the present article, you can see what this award.This star is enamelled ruby color, between the rays which differ golden flashes.They also form a star.In the middle of awards - the hammer and sickle, made in gold.In white enamel edging written: "World War II", the words at the bottom separates the small gold star.
gold splashes on the enamel of the star visible crossed rifle and a saber.To cover them used the method of oxidation.
After a detailed review of awards at the photos and read the description of itself begs the question: "What made the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree?"
basic materials - silver and gold.All neemalirovannye and non-acidic items are gold plated.Weight is about 33, the share of silver accounts for approximately 17 g of gold - 8 of diagonal span of 45 mm.
On the reverse side is a pin with a nut by which the reward is attached to the clothes.
Sash width of 24 mm is made of burgundy moiré with a transverse strip of 5 mm, located in the middle.
to awards annexed order books.It is obligatory to specify the personal data and the number of awards ceremony.If you wish, you can always determine who belongs to the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.The list of awardees of numbers in the archives of the Ministry of Defence.
Order Forms
Award is presented in two main types:
- first existed from the time of approval and until the middle of June 1943.The end of the beam on top of the Ruby Star had ear.It was fixed block.The horizontal slit stretching burgundy moiré.On board with the reverse side is a pin and plate for mounting.
- second type appeared a year later, after changing the order in which rush order, having the form of a star.In this connection, the harness connector abolished and mount placed directly on the reverse side of the order.The same decree was allowed to wear Service Ribbon on the usual form and field.
will be interesting and useful to dwell on each form.
Order to block
consists of 4 parts: two stars, the hammer and sickle, shoes.Rivets connecting member.The eyelet on the edge of the beam is integral with the Order.
number applied manually.Convex letter "Mint" were applied to the puck two lines.
Order a shoe manufactured in three versions:
- outboard pad height of 18 mm.It is directly attached to the eyelet insignia via wire soldered to it.On the back is a gold star pin located vertically.
- outboard pad height of 21.5 mm.To fix the Order appeared an additional ring.Other corresponds to the first embodiment.
- Throughout corresponds to the second embodiment, except for the pin on the back of the stars of gold.
Order on bolted
Order of this type has a fundamental difference from the previous one.Pads abolished, and eliminated the need for the eyelet on the line.Round washer has a circumference of 33 mm, unprinted.Stars held together by a nut.
hole on the back of larger and has three jumpers.Rooms were applied manually.On top was put cliched mintmark.
Order bolted on with 4 options locations stigma and jumpers.
Reissue orders
Awards appearance changed over time.Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree has not escaped this fate.If the reward is a professional member of untrue, it was changed to a new one.When Reissue maintains the previous serial number.
Most Reissue on the eve of the Victory Day Parade.Participants were given a reward of a new sample.
Duplicates
Receiving Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree instead of lost - an exceptional case.Under it fell: war poems and unavoidable circumstances.Duplicate
had the serial number of the original, after which add the letter "D".It is allowed to be applied by hand or a stamp.Marking depended on the year.There is an assumption that not all duplicates have the letter "D".
Knights of the Order
During WWII awarding took place about 350 thousand times.Until 1985 - 20 thousand times.
the 40th anniversary of the victory was decided to reuse the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree in 1985.List of awarded veterans received impressive.
To date the number of awards is about two and a half million.
Order from the very inception handed literally in the trenches, without tightening the long paperwork with registration.This was done to raise the morale of soldiers and an example to follow.
Captain I. Crickley intended first order of World War 1 degree.The list of awardees, he joins a year later.Prior to the first gentleman of the family, who fell in battle, the reward came in 1971.
The exploits awarded the Order of the folded poems and songs.The heroes are celebrated in prose and memoirs of soldiers.List the names of all the impossible: a lot of them.But recall some necessary.
Eighteen orders of the Patriotic War of 1 degree got fighters sung in the famous song of the nameless heights.They fought to the death, repulsing company of German soldiers, not retreating, and hold the position.In only two survived.This feat has been appreciated by the government.
In 1942, during the defense of Stalingrad were terrible fights.It was especially important not to allow the Germans to the factory "Red October".They poured steel for the production of military equipment.Normal Michael Panikahi soldiers gave their lives to tank blocked the road.For this feat he received a decent reward, unfortunately, posthumously.
all remember the unprecedented feat of the Hero of the Soviet Union Gastello.Three members of the crew who died with him, received the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.Their names: Burdenyuk, Skarabahaty Kalinin.
This order is not in vain considered to be special.In 1977, eight years after her death, it was awarded Epistinii Stepanova.She raised nine sons, and they all died fighting for their homeland.Mother staunchly survived the bitterness of loss, as no one else is worthy of the award.
Order received more than 600 foreign and Czech anti-fascist village Sklabina.
addition, awarded the Order of 1st degree:
- 7 military units for valor shown in the battles;
- 80 companies who have made a considerable contribution to help fighting at the front;
- 3 newspaper, selfless work that illuminates the course of the war and supported the morale of the soldiers;
- 39 cities in the USSR.
Everyone who received a high award, by their actions, and sometimes life advancing the day of the Great Victory.Among them are those who are honored with the Order repeatedly.
Multiple Cavaliers
When the full extent of the statute, which determines the possibility of obtaining rewards, there are people who have repeatedly proved their right to the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.
list of awardees by the number of orders received:
- awarded four times: Arapov VA, IA Bespalov, Loginov SD
- awarded 3 times: SN Anokhin, Bazanov P.V. Bezuglyi JF, Vasiliev LI, Egorov, LI, St. George A., Kozhemyakin II, VG Kulikov, AI Lyubimov, Mazuruk IP, Mosiyenko SI, Nagorno-NN, Raspopov NM Sergeev AF, Skobarihin VF Shiyanov GM
awarded 2 on the listed times will take a long time becausetheir number exceeds several thousand.
Khrushchev thaw
During this time, decided to revive the award.During the reign of Stalin, many good people have been unjustly deprived of honor, and some declared enemies and traitors.
In the late fifties decided to correct this error.Draws up lists to award the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree.The list of awardees included not only Soviet citizens, but also foreigners.Residents of other countries as much as helped the wounded soldiers, who got into enemy territory.Harbor treated, risking their lives.
Order of the 40th anniversary of the Victory
To date significant government decides to celebrate heroes of the occasion.Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree in 1985 received all the veterans that were still alive and had at least one combat award.
Order was cast in the same form, but still there are differences.What?First of all - materials.What made the Order of the Patriotic War of 1 degree in 1985?
Due to the huge amount awarded, Gold decided not to use.For manufacturing took silver.Individual parts, for giving the award the respective type, gilding.In all other premium mark is no different.It has a number and the inscription: "Mint".By Order of the attached order books.
pity that every year the number of veterans is rapidly decreasing.Age, illness, old injuries take their toll.Now these people are rarely seen on the streets in the most important holiday for them.Very soon the time will come when no one will be alive to share memories of the descendants.Flowers and greetings in the form of triangles Soldiers will not find the destination ... and even when the last of them leave this world, the memory of their feat will remain for centuries.
