Danilo Apostol - bright political figure, a representative of the famous Cossack family, was born in Poltava in the village of Great Sorochintsy.In 1683, he received a legacy from his father, the hereditary Cossack Paul Okhrymovych high rank of colonel Mirgorod, which stretch like no other before him, he served for reaching the hetman mace.
Expert military affairs
Hetman Danylo Apostol, whose biography is mainly composed of his martial achievements, was a brilliant diplomat and an expert on military affairs.In 1689, as part of the 40000th Cossack army, he participated in the campaign against Perekop against the Crimean Tatars, in 1693 and 1696 spoke out against the Crimean Khanate.In 1697 he caused a stir in the Russian war against the Turks from 1700 to 1706 he fought against the Swedes, having spent with his Cossack army a number of successful events: the defeat of the army of General Schlippenbach and the liberation of Warsaw from the enemy.
Ukraine - independent and free
Danylo Apostol, being a great patriot of Ukraine and associate of Ivan Mazepa, strongly supported policies of the past, openly going in 1708 with his Mirgorod regiment at his side.However, not for long ... The apostle wanted to liberate Ukraine from Moscow's dependence and to create a union with Sweden.With these thoughts, he turned to Ivan Mazepa, but, convinced of the impossibility of realization conceived, turned away from him and began to work closely with the Moscow authorities and to act on their side in the hostilities.In 1711 Danilo participated in the Prut campaign of Peter I as acting hetman Ukrainian ratification, and in 1722 headed the Cossack units of the 10 000 people in the Russian army for the campaign against Persia.
later Danylo Apostol went down to their ideological views with Paul Polubotko - nakaznym sergeant, and with it to seek the abolition of restrictive state laws of Ukraine set the Little Russian Collegium.Continued opposition activities against the Russian policy towards Ukraine, even after the arrest of his companions.
Danilo Apostol: biography.Election Hetman
In 1727, the Great Council of the Apostle was elected hetman.Despite 70 years of age, the newly elected Hetman enthusiastically set to work on the spiritual and political improvement of the atmosphere that reigned in the country after the Little Russian Collegium activities.Although Ukraine attended the Moscow adviser to Naumov, and his son Danilo Apostol was in Russia as insurance against a possible betrayal of Moscow from his father, Danylo Apostol (photo you can see it in this article) in 1728 purposefully visited St. Petersburg.Change the sovereign (the death of Peter I, accession to the throne of Peter II) did not stop Daniel Apostle in his patriotic intentions, and on the day of accession to the throne of Peter II, he petitioned for the return of Ukraine the old liberties and rights under the terms of the agreement in 1654, concluded between the king andBohdan Khmelnytsky.The result of this visit was the king's permission:
- to independently choose Hetman;
- Hetman transfer from the Ministry of the Imperial Senate under the authority of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs;
- decrease in the number of Russian troops on the territory of Ukraine;
- tax write-off, counted the Little Russian Collegium.
also forced the king canceled the trade relations exclusively with the Russian and export products only through Russian ports.
Decisive points for Ukraine
Thus, the partial return of the king of Ukraine, its freedoms and rights was a kind of a tactical retreat and a certain response to the changing political situation.In parallel, as a response to the emperor as a bold step Apostle Daniel were installed so-called decisive points which, becoming a kind of legislative framework Hetman, significantly cut political autonomy and the power of the hetman of Left-Bank Ukraine.According to him Hetman had no right to conduct diplomatic negotiations and approval of general officers and colonels.It was only within the competence of the Russian tsar.For the control of the Hetman's finances were introduced post two treasurers, one of whom is a representative of the Russian side, the second - Ukrainian.Tax for imported goods to Ukraine were transferred to the imperial treasury.That is the strategic offensive in Ukraine continues.
Hetman measures to improve life in Ukraine
Realizing the hopelessness of any attempt to restore the prerogatives of the former Hetman, Danylo Apostol (his portrait is shown below) has concentrated its activities on the reform of the socio-economic conditions in Ukraine.
in judicial reform Hetman important point outlined the need to conserve "old cases" guarantee transparency in decision-making by judges elected by the people.To this end, in 1731 it was issued instructions to courts, which provided for the number of lay judges in the General Court (6 people: for three Ukrainians and Russians), and the president of the court was the hetman himself.
Throughout the Hetman Danylo Apostol on positions clearly seen foresight, coupled with a great experience.Known commander, Hetman at the same time was a good economic manager - organizer, industrialists, entrepreneurs and merchants, who knew how to count money.
Hetman role in rebuilding the economy
how carefully the owner, Hetman Danylo Apostol special attention to the restoration of the Ukrainian economy, but his achievements in this area have been modest.Industries with large enterprises and manufactory is located largely in the hands of the Russian authorities.Danylo Apostol defended the interests of Ukrainian trade by insisting on the abolition of Peter I introduced a discriminatory system.So in 1728 he collected in Glukhov envoys from merchant guilds and raised the question of the Russian government to lift the ban on the export of Ukrainian goods - grain, yarn, wax, leather and others.
Since the period of 1729-1731 years was thoroughly exhausted and the rank of general fund lands Danilo Apostle had initiated a general's investigation, carried out a thorough audit of estates and restored most of the unrecorded area.The investigation was based on documents and testimonies of the surviving men in his lifetime that these lands illegally were given to private ownership.
been reduced considerably the number of Russians in the Hetman's administration.They were forbidden to buy land in Ukraine, and the add desire to leave the country encouraged and financially supported.The number of Russian regiments in Ukraine was limited to six.
Under the authority of the hetman were returned Cossacks forced in 1708 to reside in the territory of the Crimean Khanate.Also in 1734 they were allowed to the formation of the New Sich on the river underground.
Hetman Danylo Apostol has also begun to address the financial problems in Ukraine, endorsing its budget in the amount of 144,000 rubles annually.The main part of the income tax was set on the export from Ukraine of raw materials, and the costs shared between the administration, regular and mercenary forces.
Danilo Apostle role in the history of Ukraine
Board Daniel Apostle went on for six and a half years, the last year it actually was sick.But this, in spite of constant interference from the Russian government did not stop him at all times to conduct an intense struggle for the autonomy of Ukraine and the restoration of the rights of the Ukrainian people.When Danilo Apostle life, at least partially, but was adjusted: decreased outflow of rural residents of the Dnieper, and increased the number of refugees returning to the Left Bank.
Hetman Danylo Apostol died January 17, 1734 from a stroke and was buried in the village Sorochintsy (now Great Sorochintsy Mirgorod district, Poltava region) in the construction of its facilities Church of the Transfiguration.
In conclusion
Hetmanship this man, not disgraced himself a lie, it became clear beam in the dark sky of Ukrainian life;He tried his best to protect the public right of the Ukrainian people from outside influence, and he partially managed to contain the process of full integration into the structure of Hetman of the Russian Empire.
