Great Patriotic War, the steps that we will discuss in this article - is one of the most difficult historical trials endured by Ukrainians, Russians, Belarusians and other ethnic groups living in the territory of the USSR.These 1418 days and nights forever remain in history as the most bloody and brutal time.
main stages of the Great Patriotic War periodization
WWII events can be based on the nature of events taking place at the front.In different periods of war, the initiative belonged to the different armies.
stages of World War II, most historians details as:
- from June 22 to November 18, 1941 (Phase 1 World War II);
- from 19 November 1941 until the end of 1943 (Phase 2 of the Great Patriotic War);
- from January 1944 to May 1945 (3rd stage of the Great Patriotic War).
Great Patriotic War period
Each of the Great Patriotic War has its own characteristics, which relate to areas of fighting, the use of new types of weapons, and the benefits of one of the armies.I would like to first talk about the stages of the Great Patriotic War briefly.
- initial phase of the fighting was characterized by the complete initiative of the German fascist troops.During this time, Hitler's army is fully occupied Belarus, Ukraine, and almost reached Moscow.The Soviet army, of course, to the best of their ability struggled, but always retreating.The great successes of the Red Army in this period was a victory for Moscow.But in general the German offensive continued.They were able to take many of the Caucasus, have come virtually to the modern borders of Chechnya, Grozny but failed to take the Nazis.Important battles in mid-1942 took place on the Crimean front.Stage 1 ended the battle of Stalingrad.
- second phase of World War II brought the advantage of the Red Army.After the victory over the army at Stalingrad Paulus Soviet troops got good conditions for the liberation offensive.Break the Siege of Leningrad, the battle of Kursk and the general attack on all fronts at the time made it clear that Hitler's army will sooner or later lose the war.
- In the final period of the war the Red Army during the offensive continued.The fighting took place in the mainly in the Ukraine and Belarus.This period was characterized by the progressive advance of the Red Army to the west and the fierce resistance of the enemy.This is the last stage in the Great Patriotic War has ended in victory over the enemy.
Reasons existing periodization WWII
stages of the Great Patriotic War, or rather its beginning and end, marked by some key events, battles passed into the history of the world.The longest was the first period of the war.The reasons for this are as follows:
- surprise attack of the enemy;
- attack massed troops on the front considerably stretched territories;
- lack much experience of warfare from the Soviet army;
- transcendence of the German army in the technical equipment.
stop the advance of the enemy completely failed only to the end of 1942.The main reason for the success of the Red Army during the second period of the war can be considered:
- heroism of Soviet soldiers;
- superior numbers of the Red Army over the enemy;
- significant progress Soviet army in technical terms (the emergence of new tanks and anti-aircraft installations, etc.).
third stage of the war was also quite long.The main distinction between the 2nd and 3rd stages of military action against Nazi troops seems that in 1944, the epicenter of hostilities spread from Russia to Ukraine and Belarus, that have traced the progressive movement in the West.The final stage of the Great Patriotic War lasted more than a year because the spacecraft was to liberate all of Ukraine and Belarus, as well as the countries of Eastern Europe.
Battle 1941
In 1941, the position of the Soviet Union, as already emphasized, it was extremely difficult.The first attack of infantry and motorized parts of the fascist army suffered Belarus and Lithuania.June 22 began the defense of the Brest Fortress.The Nazis hoped to pass this outpost of a lot faster than they succeeded.A few days of fierce fighting, and the final surrender of Brest there was only July 20, 1941.Also in those days the Germans were advancing in the direction of Siauliai and Grodno.That is why the June 23-25 USSR army went on the offensive in these areas.
first stages of the Great Patriotic War in 1941 showed that the deal with the enemy without departing Red Army can not.So great was the onslaught of the Nazis!How was the retreat in the first months of the war?It passed with fights.Also, the army team and the Communists, to complicate the life of the enemy, undermining the infrastructure facilities that could not be evacuated to safe places.Strong resistance to the army was due to the need to evacuate in the rear are important for the country's production.
Among the largest battles in 1941 is worth noting the Kiev defensive operation, which lasted from July 7 until September 26, and the battle for Moscow (30 September 1941 - April 1942).Also an important role in the history of the Second World War assigned to the defense of Odessa and the heroism of Soviet sailors.
1942 in the history of the Second World War
initial stage of the Great Patriotic War showed Hitler that the Soviet army to defeat it just will not succeed.It does not embodied in the lives of its strategic objective to capture Moscow before winter 1941.Prior to May 1942 went on a general offensive of the Soviet troops, which began in December 1941 near Moscow.But this offensive was stopped by the Nazis at the Kharkov bridgehead, where a large group of troops had been surrounded and lost the battle.
Then the army went on the offensive in Germany, so again the Soviet soldiers had to recall the defensive actions.Hitler knew that it would be difficult to capture Moscow, so the brunt of the city sent to the symbolic name of Stalingrad.
also active offensive operations fascists have taken place on the Crimean bridgehead.Defense of Sevastopol lasted until July 4, 1942.From July to November active defensive actions led the Red Army at Stalingrad and the Caucasus.The defense of Stalingrad in the annals of history as an example of heroism and invincibility of Soviet soldiers.The town itself was completely destroyed, survived a few houses, but the Nazis were not able to take it.Phase 1 of the Great Patriotic War was won by the spacecraft at Stalingrad and the beginning of the Soviet offensive.Although some sectors still going on defense, but the turning point in the war had come.
second stage of the Great Patriotic War
This period lasted for almost a year.Of course, in 1943, also had a lot of difficulties, but in general our offensive nobody could stop.Periodically, the Nazis passed over to the offensive in some areas, but the Great Patriotic War, the stages, the battle which we are now considering, transferred to the state when it was clear that Germany will sooner or later lose the war.
Operation "Ring" was completed Feb. 2, 1943.Army Gen. Paulus appeared surrounded.January 18 this year, was able to finally break the blockade of Leningrad.These days, the Red Army began an offensive in the direction of Voronezh and Kaluga.Voronezh city was retaken from the enemy on 25 January.The offensive continued on.In February 1943 took place Voroshilovgrad offensive.Gradually, the Red Army goes to the liberation of Ukraine, although not all of the city were repelled from the Nazis.March 1943 release remembered Vyazma and counter-offensive Hitler's army in the Donbas.Our troops eventually coped with this attack, but the Nazis managed to keep a few Soviet advance deep into the Ukraine.Fighting on this bridgehead lasted more than a month.After that the main focus of fighting is transferred to Kuban because for the successful promotion to the West had to be freed from the enemy area Krasnodar and Stavropol regions.Active fights on this front were about three months.The attack was complicated by the proximity of the mountains and action by enemy aircraft.
second half of 1943
In the history of the Great Patriotic War in July 1943 stands.During this period, there were 2 very important events.German intelligence could be heard about the impending major offensive of the Soviet troops.But it was not known exactly where it will attack.Of course, the Soviet top brass knew that the German spies operating in many spacecraft structures (both Soviet and German), so the maximum allowed in the course of misinformation.July 5 a battle of Kursk.The Nazis hoped that by winning this battle, they will again go on the offensive.Yes, they barely able to move, but in general, the battle is not won, so in the 20 days of July 1943 the second stage of the Great Patriotic War reached its peak quality.And what was the second significant event?Do not forget another battle at Prokhorovka?In a field near the village it held the largest in history at the time tank battle that also left for the Soviet Union.
From August 1943 until the winter of 1943/1944's.The Red Army is mainly relieve Ukrainian cities.Very difficult to defeat the enemy in the Kharkov area, but the morning of August 23, 1943 the Soviet army managed to enter the city.And then I went to a series of exemptions Ukrainian cities.In September 1943, the spacecraft entered the Donetsk, Poltava, Kremenchug, Sumy.In October our troops liberated Dnipropetrovsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Melitopol and other surrounding towns.
Battle for Kyiv
Kiev was one of several strategically important cities of the USSR.The city's population before the war reached 1 million. People.During the years of the Second World War, it has decreased by five times.But now the main thing.The Red Army was preparing for a long time capture of Kiev, because in this city the Nazis was also extremely important.For the capture of Kiev had to cross the Dnieper.The Battle of the river, is a symbol of Ukraine, began on September 22.The crossing took place very hard, a lot of our soldiers died.In October, command planned to try to take Kiev.The most convenient way for this was Bukrinsky bridgehead.But these plans became known to the Germans, so they threw a considerable force here.Kiev take Bukrin springboard became impossible.Our intelligence was given the task to find another place to attack the enemy.The most optimal Lyutezhsky proved a springboard, but to throw troops was technically very difficult.Since Kiev had to get to the next anniversary of the November 7, the command of the Kiev offensive has decided to throw its troops from Bukrin on Lyutezhsky bridgehead.In reality, this plan certainly not all believed, because it was necessary unnoticed by the enemy, under cover of night, double-cross the Dnieper and continue for a long distance on land.Of course, a lot of losses suffered spacecraft, but in another way it was impossible to take Kiev.This course of Soviet military leaders succeed.Red Army managed to get to Kiev in the morning November 6, 1943.But the battle for the Dnieper in other parts of the front lasted almost until the end of the year.With the victory in this battle of the spacecraft completed the first stage of the Great Patriotic War.
war in 1944- 1945.
final stage of World War II began with the Kirovograd offensive.January 8 city Kirovohrad was liberated.Also in January, the Soviet forces successfully conducted an offensive in the Korsun-Shevchenko district (Cherkassy region of Ukraine), as well as almost completely liberated Kiev and Zhitomir region.
final stage of World War II was made possible only thanks to the heroism of our soldiers.In the first half of 1944 it was released almost all the Right-Bank Ukraine and the Crimea.The final stage of World War II was marked by one of the largest in all the years of fighting the Red Army offensive.We are talking about Proskurov-Bukovina and uman-botoşani offensive, which ended at the end of April 1944.Almost the entire territory of Ukraine with the completion of these operations has been released, the restoration of the republic, after exhausting fighting.
Red Army in the battle for the boundary of the USSR
Great Patriotic War, the steps which we are considering today, is coming to its logical conclusion.Since April 1944, Soviet troops slowly begin to crowd out the Nazis in the territory of that at the start of the war were their allies (eg Romania).Also active hostilities took place in the Polish lands.In 1944, many events were on the second front.When the defeat of Germany became inevitable, the war more actively involved allies of the USSR anti-Hitler coalition.Fighting in Greece, Sicily, near the Mariana Islands, Asia - all of which were aimed at winning anti-Hitler coalition troops in the fight against fascism.
3 stages of the Great Patriotic War ended May 9, 1945.On this day all the peoples of the former USSR celebrate the great holiday - Victory Day.
consequences of the Great Patriotic War
Great Patriotic War, the stages of the fighting which were absolutely logical, ended almost 4 years after the start.She was much more violent and bloody than the First World War, which ended in 1918.
consequences of it can be divided into 3 groups: economic, political and ethnographic.In the territories that were occupied, destroyed a lot of companies.Some factories were evacuated and all came back.In terms of policies actually changed the whole system of life in the world, it was formed the new state borders.Gradually we built a new system of security in Europe and the world.New guarantor of security was the United Nations.During the war, a lot of people have died, so it was necessary to restore the population.
main stages of the Great Patriotic War, and there were three, showed that to win such a big country like the Soviet Union, is impossible.The government is gradually emerging from the crisis, to rebuild.In many ways, the rapid recovery of the economy of the USSR due to the heroic efforts of the people.
