aggressive policy of France in the late XVIII - early XIX century marked the beginning of numerous French coalition, comprising the state, which in immediate danger from the French invaders.In most cases, Russian participation in the anti-French coalition has taken, but the measure of the activity of the Russian Empire as part of this alliance every time was different.
first anti-French alliance
anti-French coalition №1 was formed due to a deep crisis in France.Raising his political image, King Louis XVI declared war on Austria.Especially cynical was the fact that the King gave any outcome of the military action.In case of victory would strengthen the authority of the king, as a result of the defeat of action the leaders of the revolutionary movement would be weakened.European governments were seriously concerned about the developments in France.In the period from 1791 to 1815 it was created by seven anti-French alliances.Anti-French alliance first and second convocation had to overthrow the republican system in France.The composition of the anti-French coalition following years sought to defeat Napoleon.
war with Austria
loudest about the beginning of the war screaming newly formed Girondist government.But in its quest to bring "peace huts and war - palaces" are clearly overdone.France lacked money for military operations.Meanwhile, the German states reacted to a declaration of war more than seriously.Thus was created the first French coalition.Soloists it Austria and Prussia.The new regime has become a serious threat to the European monarchies.The Russian Empire was well aware of the seriousness of the danger.In 1793 they were joined by the Russian empire - signed a convention with England on reciprocal requirements to assist each other in the struggle against France.After the death of Catherine II, Paul I terminated the agreement, citing the fact that Russia does not have the means to wage war.Instead, Russian diplomats have tried to limit the victory of France diplomatically.
second anti-French coalition
After the restoration of its own borders France became a claim to dominance in the European region.In order to keep the young republic, it was signed by the second French coalition.Its most active members are Russia, England, Turkey, Sicily.After a series of naval victories of the leadership of Nelson and Ushakov allies have decided on military action on land.It was carried out by Italian and Swiss campaign of Suvorov.Due to the passive behavior of Austria and England Paul I cease to Russian participation in the anti-French coalition, concludes a new contract with France and Prussia.It started a trade war with England.
antinapoleonovskoy unions
Follow the coalition has not aimed at the restoration of the monarchy in France and the overthrow of the republican system.Scary successes of the French army led by Napoleon led European countries to look for new opportunities to create a defense alliance.A third anti-French coalition had exclusively defensive character.Participants were Russia, Sweden, England and Austria.Allied troops suffered defeat after defeat.The most devastating blow was the "Battle of the Three Emperors" at Austerlitz, where Allied troops were completely defeated.
fourth and fifth anti-French coalition could not hold back the victorious advance of Napoleon on Europe.One by one European states capitulated.Prussia ceased to exist, Austria has lost a good part of their lands and the Duchy of Warsaw came under Russian protectorate.Napoleonic troops entrenched in Egypt.
sixth coalition emerged after the military invasion of Napoleon in Russia.Anti-French alliance united together Russia, Sweden and Prussia.The main brunt of the fighting fell to the Russian Empire.Later, the Union joined Britain and a number of smaller states.The coalition broke up in connection with the deposition of Napoleon.
seventh and final anti-French coalition arose in connection with the event, known in history as the "Hundred Days of Napoleon."The Coalition brings together almost all the major European countries.After the final defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo coalition collapsed, and a union of this kind do not occur.
