people have an interest in the surrounding living organisms from ancient times.Examine their help such a science as zoology.How it arose and what stage of development is now?
Ancient knowledge
history of science, "zoology" has its roots in ancient times.Already BC people were able to accumulate enough knowledge about what role animals can play, how they work and relate to each other.The beginning of science can find the works of Aristotle, the Greek philosopher and scientist.He wrote the works "On parts of animals' and other works on the history and origin of organisms, which he described 452 species.He owns and significant discoveries about the structure of living organisms.Another eminent scientist was Pliny the Elder, who created the multi-volume "Natural History."In this book, he gave a description of all known at the time the animals to mankind.It was the best treatise, which could then use the science of zoology.
medieval and Renaissance
In times of feudal Europe was highly fragmented and dominated by religion over society, which hampered the development of all sciences.Therefore, a brief history of the development of zoology describes this period as a time of absolute stagnation.No new discoveries and important works were not written, the study of animals almost no one did.The situation has changed dramatically during the Renaissance.List the main stages in the development of Zoology, not to mention the period when the famous explorers such as Magellan, Columbus and Marco Polo, have allowed scientists to greatly enrich the knowledge, bringing about beings from distant continents previously unknown to Europeans.Renaissance was a time of accumulation of knowledge, which required further systematization.
The heyday
next period, which experienced science zoology, was the time of synthesis of available knowledge of the fauna of the different parts of the planet.The most outstanding in this regard was the Hesperus Swiss scientist, wrote an extensive encyclopedia "History of Animals".
In the seventeenth century the microscope was invented.A Brief History of zoology says this moment as one of the most significant.The scientists were able to discover a new world of tiny organisms, as well as to study the finest structure of multicellular organisms.In this field especially distinguished Dutch naturalist Leeuwenhoek, who created the four-volume "Secrets of Nature, open under the microscope."It was he who discovered the existence of ciliates, studied red blood cells and muscle tissue of animals.Another serious scholar of those times was Italian Malyshgi, described the circulatory system of vertebrates and capillaries, a thorough study of the excretory organs, and covers a variety of species.
emergence of new industries
Brief History of zoology would be incomplete without a description of the period which marked the beginning of many branches of modern science.Until the eighteenth century, it emerged sections such as animal systematics and paleontology that studies fossils.An incredible development happened in the field of physiology, where scientists worked Servet and Harvey first described the circulatory system.Cuvier developed the important principle of correlation, which explains the connection of the internal organs and the effects on one of them in the context of all the others.His important works include "Animal Kingdom" and "Iconography of the animal kingdom."The latter included 450 tables and 6,200 drawings, which are used in the academic literature, even now.Another important book - "Discourse on the upheavals on the surface of the globe, and the changes they have made."This work outlined a theory about the distribution of resources by the layers of the planet.
Discovery Darwin
next period, which includes a brief development of Zoology is the study of evolutionary theory and its adoption as the basis of all science.People interested in the ideas of the gradual development of nature from simple shapes to complex creatures.The development of this theory have contributed not only to the discovery of Darwin, but also work and Shleydepa Shvapna, which gave a picture of the unity of the flora and fauna.Another prominent scientist became Lamarck.He developed a taxonomy proposed by Linnaeus, and carefully studied the world of invertebrates.The work "Philosophy of Zoology", released in 1809, became one of the most important in his career - in her scientist denied metaphysical views that animals always remain the same, and integrity set forth the theory of evolution in which organisms are transformed under the influence of external andinternal processes.Timiriazev believed this theory one of the most comprehensive, so you can easily make a list of important periods that make up the main stages of the development of zoology.
modern period
concludes with a brief history of the development of zoology twentieth and twenty-first century.This time, new technologies of studying the subject of global discoveries and strong branch of science.Development of Zoology is directly related to the growth of agriculture and animal husbandry, hunting, and other similar areas.In addition, the impact of interest to the protection of human health.At the moment, humanity has a huge number of actual and theoretical information.The process of obtaining further data is by creating a well-equipped zoological expeditions that are sent to remote areas of the planet.No less significant are the work on the molecular and genetic level, as well as work, study the animal world in terms of environmental safety and health.Problems eating meat, experiments with cloning and modification of DNA strands, and also breeding of agricultural species that cause environmental pollution, scientists concerned primarily.Therefore, the prospects for further development is to associate it with these issues, which definitely does not lose relevance to the scientific community and in the next few decades.
