for coherent speech in Russian, the same word may be used in different forms, it can be singular or plural, male, female or neuter, and the inducement to change the endings.And a particularly important role in the construction of true statements play exactly Cases that show syntactic role and relationship of words in a sentence.Declination exposed nouns, adjectives, pronouns and numerals.And the study of the Russian language is very important to learn to identify the case forms of the parts of speech and know what questions are answered cases.
Key Cases of Russian
Case system of Russian language is simple enough to learn, but a few features it contains.Therefore, in the school curriculum this topic is given an enormous amount of time.First of all, the children are familiar with, what questions are responsible and affixes as they are called.Attention students, as a rule, are only six major of cases, although in fact there are many more, but because of the close similarity of species stale case forms combined with the basic.While on this subject among linguists still debate.
nominative
nominative abbreviated written by him.n. Questions nominative - who?So what? for all parts of speech is a form of words can be a primary and the name of the subject, a person or a natural phenomenon, as in the sentence always acts as a subject.For example:
girl out of the room;The sun was setting over the horizon.
also in the nominative case may be predicative.For example:
Nikita - my son;Alexander - Director.
also always in the nominative case is the main member of the single-composition proposals, and circulation.For example:
Schumi, Schumi, cane;Here's an old house.
genitive
Use genitive can be either after the verb and after the name.The words in this decline to answer questions whom?What? In abbreviated form it is written RP
This form of words has a variety of meanings and syntactic application.Verbal genitive can indicate the subject:
- when the verb is under a denial: not to demolish the head, do not tell the truth;
- if the action is not all objects, but only to a part of it: drink the water, eat the soup, chop firewood.
Priimennoy genitive can indicate a variety of relationships:
- belongs to whom or what ever: mother's house, doll dress;
- ratio of something the whole to a part: hotel room, a tree branch;
- estimation or definition of quality: cap green, tears of happiness, man of his word.
Therefore, to determine the correct form of case is very important to know what questions are answered cases.
Nouns, drinking in the genitive case with the adjectives comparisons indicate that the object or person to which they are compared.For example:
Natasha prettier, whiter than snow, faster than lightning.
Dative
To understand how to use the word in a particular case, it is necessary to know exactly what questions are answered Cases in which case a certain form of inducement.For example, the dative (who? What?) words often placed after the verb, and only in a few cases, after the words for objects.
main word in the nominative are used to refer to the main subject matter to which the action is directed.
example:
to say hello to a friend, threaten the enemy, ordered his subordinates.
In impersonal sentences, the terms in the dative can be used as a predicate.For example:
Sasha was scared.The boy was cold.The patient is getting worse.
accusative
Questions accusative similar to other questions of cases - namely, in the nominative and genitive.For example, to animate objects is a matter of whom? as an inanimate - what? And students often confuse this with the nominative case, so to properly identify primarily in the proposal is necessary to allocate a grammatical foundation.Words in this case form is most often used with verbs and indicate the object to which the action is fully transferred.
example:
fish, clean shoes, sew skirt and bake a cake.
the words standing in the accusative case, can express the amount of time, space and distance.For example:
whole summer, every minute, every year.
Instrumental
Just like the other case forms, the issues of instrumental case are two forms for the living and inanimate objects.This specific questions that can not be confused with other forms.So, for animate objects Instrumental answers the question whom? example:
He was acquainted (with whom?) And Oksana (with whom?) By her mother .
to inanimate Instrumental answers the question what? example:
I fed (what?) Bread, watered (what?) Water.
Typically, this form of words is used in combination with verbs, it is closely associated with the name.
This case form words with verbs always serves as the means and instruments of action may be a way or mode of action, as well as the matter of time, place, and space of who performed the action.For example:
Beale dog (what?) Stick.
old man leaned on (what?) Hand.
road led (what?) Forest.
Tales "Oh How It Hurts", "confusion" and "Cockroach" written (by whom?) Korney Chukovsky.
Also, this case form of words can occur and have the following names and values.When nouns:
- instrument of action: beat hand brushing;
- actor: watchmen guarding the house, vacation goods seller;
- content of the action: deal with the German language;
- attributive value: ringlet sausage, singing bass.
When word adjectives used in the instrumental case with the value limits of this feature.For example:
He was a strong mind and is known for its discoveries.
Prepositional case
sixth and final case, which is taught in the school curriculum - prepositional.
Questions prepositional as well as other case forms are separated in the direction of the living subjects (on whom? For whom?) and inanimate (on what? What?) .The words in the nominative are always used with prepositions, and this is where the name of the case.Depending on the pretext consumed is changing and value questions prepositional always built using the same excuses that are used in specific cases in context.
use of prepositions with words prepositional
for correct case forms of words and their correct use in speech is very important to know how to communicate Cases with questions and prepositions in the use of various forms of words in sentences.
Each of the pretexts used gives the word its meaning:
- about, about, about - a designation object in question: thoughts of you;
- in, in - indicates the subject, time, place and space: at midnight, in a box, in all its glory, and so on;
- on - is used to indicate the place where something is happening, or: on the table at the station;
- at - used to clarify something near or in the presence of whom is the object in question: by the way, in the year.
What is the role of case, questions and excuses
Table of prepositions that are used in conjunction with various case forms of words plays a huge role in the study of the case system of the Russian language.
After all, they are joining a noun, can reveal different meanings of the same word.
| Mortality | preposition | value | example |
| genitive | around, due to, among | define the space in which the subject or in which the action takes place | walk around the park, came from behind the house, standing at tree |
| Dative | to at | used to indicate the approach of an object, the object or scene | approach togirlfriend, go on the road |
| accusative | in for at | indicate which object targeted by | hug the waist, look out the window, put on the table |
| Instrumental | by, for, over, with | can have many meanings, including indicates the direction of a certain action and the space of | fly above the earth, walk under the bridge, friends with grandmother |
declension of nouns, adjectives and numerals on cases
One of the main topics of this section of the Russian language is the theme: "The decline on cases."As a result of this change word is transformed by acquiring new ending, which is important for the correctness of the construction of speech.The decline occurs by changing the word so that it answers the questions of each case.Declination of nouns has its own character, while adjectives and numerals in the context of always depend on mortality, which is the associated word.
| Mortality | Question | noun | Question | Adjective |
| nominative who?what? | flower | what? | vermillion | |
| genitive whom?What? | flower | what? | vermilion | |
| Dative | whom?What? | the flower | what? | Scarlet |
| accusative whom?what? | flower | what? | vermillion | |
| Instrumental | whom?what? | flower | how? | Scarlet |
| Prepositional | talking about?about what? | of floret | about what? | about Scarlet |
In the case of a decline numerals question can also be modified, for the adjective, so it will be easier to decline the word.
| Mortality | question of case | Question numeral | numeral |
| nominative who?what? | how much?What? | six two eighth eighth the 8th | |
| genitive whom?What? | How many?what? | six two eighth eighth eighth | |
| Dative | whom?What? | how much?what? | six two of |
| accusative whom?what? | how much?what? | six two eighth eighth eighth | |
| Instrumental | whom?what? | how much?What? | six dvoimi eighth eighth eighth |
| Predlozhnyyy | talking about?about what? | about how much?about what? | six about two the eighth of the eighth the eighth |
The purpose of the curriculum - to teach children not only to correctly determine the case forms of words in a given sentence, but also to know how toto use an excuse that fully reveal the value of the expression.These skills are very important for building a literate speech.That is why this topic is given special off the radar, and a sufficient number of Russian lessons that children can not only learn but well fix the material.
