market mechanism - a complex and highly dynamic structure, which depends on a huge number of factors: the level of inflation, supply and demand, the activity of its members, government regulation and, of course, the economy as a whole.This is the last element plays a most important role in the healthy development of the whole society.
On the formation of the modern economy has affected a large number of schools and teaching.Institutional, neoclassical, Marxist, Keynesian, mercantilist and other areas have made a huge contribution to what is now called the economy and market relations.Theories and thinking of ancient philosophers spodvigli medieval thinkers to the desire to find answers to all the questions concerning the relationship between the buyer, seller and the state.
For Montchretien - founder of the school of mercantilism - first coined such a thing as political economy.Part of this term appeared in the life of Xenophon.It was the ancient Greek writer and politician has introduced the word "savings", which meant "the laws of housekeeping."Mercantilists began to consider this concept in a more global sense - not only with respect to the family, but also in the context of the state.Therefore Montchretien in his treatise, and coined the term "political economy".If translated literally, it means "public or state management of the economy."
Gradually, this expression became more and more sense to grow and expand the boundaries of their value.As a consequence, political economy has grown into a science.Such scientists and thinkers of the classical school, Smith, Ricardo, Quesnay, Buagilberg, Turgot, Petit and others, began to analyze not only the sphere of circulation, but also directly to the sphere of production.It is possible to consider the internal laws of functioning of the market mechanism and the complex was the basis for the development of this new science as political economy.
thank the representative of the classical school was the beginning of the labor theory of value.
Especially brightly it can be seen in the writings of David Ricardo, who first took her to the basics of the analysis of differences between wages and profits, and between profit and rent.The theory of the classical school was aimed at the expression of the interests of the bourgeois layers of the population.It was then, when there was the emergence of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, and gained his power is still completely undeveloped class struggle of the proletariat.Then the representatives of this school have become fiercely support otchlenenie feudal atavism.
That English classical political economy was the basis of one of the Marxist doctrine.However, not only the socialist school is based on the teachings of Ricardo and Quesnay - 30 years of the 19th century in Great Britain and France, it is being developed and modified contrary to the classical theory of science.She renounces already familiar labor theory of value, and calls it a completely different sources - land, labor and capital.Scholars like Say, Bastiat, and Malthus did not consider the laws of development of production, and rely solely on economic phenomena.This theory is called "vulgar political economy."
