new knowledge we gain in understanding reality.Some of them we get as a result of exposure to things around us on the senses.But the bulk of the information we take by extracting new knowledge from those that already exist.That is, by making certain findings or conclusions.
Inference - a common verbal form, through which an indirect way, not based on observations, and stand for objects and their relationships.It is very important that the reasoning was correct.Only then will the right conclusion.To satisfy this requirement, it is necessary to conclusions built according to the laws of logic and certain rules.
Logical reasoning
To verify this conclusion, it is necessary to study the subject in detail and compare it with the picture of the general opinion.But this requires not passive contemplation and practical activities affecting thing.In addition, the conclusion - this judgment, logically deduced.Together they form a logical figure - syllogism.Logical judgment is based on a model drawn up by evidence and preliminary conclusions, and not based on direct observation.
unconscious inference
This term coined Helmholtz.In this case, the word "conclusion" - a metaphor, as it is assumed that the conclusion is made not according to the result, and unconsciously.The subject as it says, but actually happens unconscious perceptual processes.But as this process is unconscious, it can not affect a conscious effort.That is, even if the subject knows that his perception is wrong, he can not change their minds and perceive events differently.
conditional proposition
Chain conditional inference - is conditional judgments, which are interconnected in such a way that the second proposition follows from the first.Any judgment includes parcels, findings and conclusions.Parcels are original, of which displays a new judgment.The conclusion obtained logically from the premises.Conclusion - a logical move from premises to conclusion.
Types conclusions
There are demonstrative and nedemonstrativnye conclusions.In the first case, the conclusion is based on the logic law.In the second case, the rules allow the possibility of escaping the conclusion of the prerequisites.
In addition, conclusions are classified according to the direction of logical consequence, the degree of connection between the knowledge expressed in the assumptions and conclusions.The following types of reasoning: deductive, inductive and reasoning by analogy.
Inductive reasoning is based on the method of investigation, whose main purpose is to analyze the movement of knowledge from the particular to the general judgment.In this case, the induction of a certain logical form that displays the ascent of thought from less general to the more general provisions.
inductive reasoning - is experimental observation, which can be immediately checked.That is, this method is simpler and more affordable compared to the deduction.
