exceptional richness and diversity of the flora of South America tens of thousands of plant species.Such natural bounty very good location contributes to this part of the continent between the sub-equatorial latitudes of the northern hemisphere and moderate - south.A large part of South America, with a small proportion of the central image of Neotropical floristic region.
radically different from the flora of the North American continent, mainly dependent on the temperature conditions, the flora of South America lives under other laws.For the Neotropical kingdom characterized by high temperatures and an incredible amount of sunlight, allowing the plants to grow throughout the year almost all of its area.But the main factor controlling the length of the growing season, is the degree of hydration, decreases as the deviations from the equator to the tropics, making the distinction between inland areas and near the ocean are quite significant.Naturally, changes and fauna of South America.We briefly describe the features of the flora of these places and get acquainted with its representatives.
equatorial forests
hot and humid climate significantly influences the natural areas of the continent, which is dominated by the equatorial forest, located on both sides of the equator and occupy a huge space in the Amazon and Orinoco lowlands, the slopes of the Brazilian and Guiana Highlands, as well asthe coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean.Huge and varied fauna of South America.Photos presented in this article to fully illustrate this.Even the glory of equatorial forests of Africa goes in comparison to the splendor and rich variety of flora and fauna of the South American Gilea, according to the famous naturalist Alexander von Humboldt.In Portugal, these forests are called jungle.
Features fauna of South America Copa
gilea - unimaginably rich in species and density of the Earth's vegetation cover type.For these forests is characterized by a combination of the height of the forest canopy with longline.In some places, you can count up to five or six levels, three of which make up the tree.Typically, the upper tiers of the forest of palm trees form or representatives of legumes.The trees represent a huge segment of the entire plant diversity jungle.
Trees
Amazing trees representing the flora growing in South America and is often only in the equatorial forest, familiar to us from the unsurpassed quality wood, they glorified the whole world.Mahogany, iron, teak, red, black, bakautovoe, sandal, satin - is an incomplete list of the trees that supply the most valuable types of wood have different qualities - excellent decorative effect, particularly strong and others. For example, sandalwood, a representative of the family of sandal, preparing valuablesandalwood oil, and gives a satin wood with an unusual silky texture.
Hylaeus abounds of rubber: Brazilian Hevea tree, cultivated throughout the tropical belt, the representatives of the legume family and Araucariaceae.Wood logwood and sappanovogo trees produce splendid natural dyes.
Natives of these amazing places are triangular Brazilian walnut - bertoletsiya - prized high content of healthy fats, avocado, guava, cultivated for cultivation on a commercial scale.Legendary breadfruit gives big fruits, edible.
Famous representatives of flora of South America - chocolate trees firmly seated on the trunk of flowers and fruits ripen.Cocoa trees in culture provide excellent raw material for the production of high quality chocolate.List the trees that make up the upper levels of the complex system of tropical forests is endless, but move on to other plants that inhabit this world.
Palm
number and variety of trees growing in the tropics, so overwhelmingly great that they considered to be the most typical forms of the vegetation of the area.They are characterized by the barrel, topped with hard hat broad leaves.Height their differences from one meter to the level of the tallest trees Gilea.Interesting scansorial types of palm trees, for example, known as rattan.It is the longest of all scansorial palms.Rattan trunk is not too thick, its diameter varies from 1 to 10 cm. In places where a lot of them, the forest is almost impassable: they weave a fantastic variety of entangled zigzag.
Liana
Particularly noteworthy vines.The flora of South America would have been considerably depleted if it does not present these interesting plants.Hylaeus South America characterized by a variety of vines.
These vines are perennial, annual, herbaceous, woody and deciduous.But there is one quality that they do not have - they can not be upright, and hold your own customary for other plants upright.They always need to backup, which can be grasped with the help of various tools provided to them by nature.Adhering to support, clinging to her, vine growing and developing.She arranged and supported it can serve as anything - a tree, a fence.Not being a separate family, the vines spread across many other genera, occurring in different families, in particular, mulberry, saxifrage, Euphorbiaceae, Amaryllidaceae and many others.
Known vine - Syngonium.In the wild, almost twenty of its species, some of which are cultivated for domestic growth.However, to achieve its flowering at home is very difficult.And in terms of the equatorial forest, it is not only small yellow flowers bloom, but also forms a completely edible fruit.The flora of South America is rich and varied.In addition to these his representatives there is still a huge segment of the most unusual plants.
Epiphytes
South American rainforests are full of epiphytes, bright and colorful flowering.These plants live in the other, but not parasitic on them, but simply used as a support.They are representatives of families aroynikovyh, ferns and others, as well as the unique elegance and beauty of orchids and flowers gloriosa.Very high density of the equatorial forest has stimulated the development of many plants in the fight for sunlight.So many plants have evolved, becoming epiphytic and finding a way to rise to a higher tier of the rainforest.Unfortunately, it is impossible to list all members of inhabiting fauna of South America, the list would be too big.
