The concept of "operations research" is borrowed from foreign literature.However, the date of its occurrence and the author can not be determined reliably.Therefore, it is advisable to first of all consider the history of the formation of this area of research.
basic sense
Operations research is aimed at analyzing various controlled processes.Their nature may be of a different nature: the production process, military actions, events commercial orientation and administrative decisions.By themselves, the operation can be described by the same mathematical models.This analysis will allow to better understand the essence of a particular phenomenon, and also predict its future development.The world turns, is arranged in an information sense, quite compact, as the same information schemes are implemented in different physical forms.
In cybernetics, operations research is widely used in "Isomorphism of models."If not for this section, then in every emerging situation would be some problems with the choice of its own unique method of solving.A study of the operations as a scientific field have not developed at all.However, due to the existence of general regularities in the formation and development of different systems made possible their study using mathematical methods.
Effectiveness
Operations research in economics as a mathematical tool to facilitate a highly effective decision-making in the various spheres of human activity, allows the person responsible for making such decisions, the necessary information, which was obtained by scientific methods.In other words, the methodology justifies the adoption of a decision.Models and methods of operations research will provide the solutions that best enable organizations to achieve their goals.
basic elements
So, consider some of the mathematical discipline of specialization, which are most commonly used in this area of research:
- mathematical programming, deals with finding optimal solutions to functions with some restrictions for the arguments;
- linear programming - a fairly simple and well-studied section of the first method, it allows us to solve problems containing parameters optimality as a linear function, and limitations provided in the form of linear equations;
- network modeling - the decision is presented in the form of network algorithms that allow the right decision to get more efficient than using the tools of linear programming;
- targeted programming represented by linear, but with several features targeted nature, which, however, may conflict with each other.
