first found evidence of the location in the Kremlin of ancient settlements are between two to three thousand years.In fact, the correct answer to the question of who built the Kremlin in Moscow, there is, as the construction of the first stockade credited back to the days when Borovitsky Hill was a settlement Dyakov type.The direct construction of facilities started with an order of Yuri Dolgoruky to erect walls in 1156.
Olympus Russian state - Kremlin in Moscow
walls of the building were originally made of wood, and only with the advent of Dmitry Donskoy capital acquired his famous nickname - white stone.The walls were replaced with stone, made of local limestone.During the reign of Ivan III invited Italian architects, who started for the new construction (1475-1479 gg.) - Analysis of the white stone walls and the construction of the brick in its place.In order to preserve security she understands in part to rapid replacement with a new one.Construction lasted for ten long years.Also in conjunction with the modernization of the wall were built Assumption Cathedral.
During the War of 1812 in the Moscow Kremlin was severely damaged and looted.It took about four years to regain its former appearance.Above these works dozens of the best specialists.Also, the construction of a large damage was caused during the armed uprising of 1917, during which the Kremlin was mercilessly shelled by artillery.
Location
Moscow Kremlin as the main socio-political, artistic and historical complex of the Russian capital, is simply obliged to be in the very center of the city.This can be explained from two perspectives:
- Aesthetic perception facilities as the center of the capital - the main governing body, from which come the main decrees and so on. D.
- Considering the Kremlin in Moscow as one of the oldest objects appropriate to mention it strategically correct location.The fortress was situated and located between two rivers combinable, leaving potential invaders right to attack from one side only, which has a positive effect on the defense of the main object of the administrative state.
Kremlin in Moscow is located on a hill Borovitsky - on the left bank of the Moscow River.In his excellent performance of the construction is an irregular triangle (to be more precise, it is a quadrilateral with one corner cut off).
Soviet era
special way the Kremlin changed, when the power in the country came to the Soviet government.In 1918, Moscow once again became the political center of the entire state.In March of that year, the Soviet government moved to the Kremlin.The entry "advice" in the former royal palace caused outrage ordinary citizens, but it was quickly suppressed.The building became a forbidden zone, ordinary citizens have lost the possibility of free entry into its territory.Historians have established that in all the years of Soviet rule the Kremlin in Moscow as an architectural ensemble was significantly damaged - more than half of the pre-existing buildings and monuments were demolished.
One of the most famous transformations in the Soviet period was the replacement of the double-headed eagle, which is located in the central travel towers, the stars of the Ural gems, which were later replaced by ruby.
Kremlin towers
Moscow Kremlin towers present in an amount of twenty pieces, each of which was built in different years and has a long and unique name.Considered the following four main towers: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Corner Arsenal (located at the corners of the triangle, the only elements with a circular cross-section, the other seventeen have a square), and the Savior - the most famous because of her set hours.In the five towers adorn the mysterious ruby stars: the Spassky (Frolovskaya), St. Nicholas, Trinity, Borovitskaya (Baptist) and Vodovzvodnaya.
The lowest is the Imperial Tower, built in 1680, and the highest - Trinity (79.3 meters), Nicholas (70.4 meters) and Savior (71 meters). All towers, mainly due to the construction in one and thesame time (the second half of the XVII century), constructed in the same architectural style.A bright spot is the Nikolskaya Tower, made in the pseudo-Gothic style.
Work Overseas masters
Kremlin walls were built in the period of 1485-1516 years of Italian architects.They are a scalene triangle with a total length of 2235 meters, the height and width of 5-19 m and 3.5-6.5 m respectively.The top of the walls are decorated with teeth, there are a total of 1045 (according to the Lombard tradition, in the form of a swallow's tail).Most have loopholes in the form of slots.They built the loopholes, wide and overlapping.The exterior walls have a smooth shape, and the inner side recesses designed in the form of arches.This architectural solution designed to not only facilitate, but also to strengthen the structure.Like many buildings of those times, the Kremlin wall kept a lot of hiding places and secret passages that allowed to leave the strengthening when needed.However, the cut of the walls to the north-east, coming to Red Square, now serves as a columbarium.It kept the urn prominent Soviet period.Now the question is raised about the allocation of space for other columbarium.
Kremlin and its components
matter how rich in terms of places of interest no matter the city of Moscow, the Kremlin is the main attraction of the capital.It is famous for a number of different architectural works.Log on its territory, of course, for an extra charge, as well as guided tours, but what is money compared with centuries of history, preserved and placed in the same complex?
Especially interesting are the Orthodox churches:
- Assumption Cathedral.
- Annunciation Cathedral.
- Patriarchal Palace and the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles.
- Upper Saviour's Cathedral.
- Archangel Cathedral, and so on. D.
During the tour, of course, have a desire to take a picture of the Kremlin in Moscow.It should embody both the above walls and towers and palaces skilled construction - this Grand Kremlin Palace and the Palace of Facets, and the Fun Palace.
very interesting place to introduce such constructions may become as the State Kremlin Palace, formerly known as the Palace of Congresses, the Armoury Chamber, Senate Palace and others.
One of the most recognizable landmarks of the Kremlin began, of course, Tsar Cannon and Tsar Bell, cast in 1586 and 1733-1735 years.respectively.
Sights of Moscow - the Kremlin and its museums
Referring to the museums located in the territory of the Kremlin, it is impossible not to talk about Diamond Fund - one of the country's largest collections of jewelry.A significant symbol of the former imperial power is the king's regalia - orb, scepter and crown.For security purposes, photo and video inside is prohibited.There are also located seven historic stones, the most famous of which are the following: diamond "Eagles" and "Shah".The latter, as is known, was presented to the Russian Emperor Nicholas I, the Shah of Persia to make amends for the purpose of growing conflict in connection with the tragic death of a famous Russian poet and playwright ASGriboyedov in the attack on the Russian embassy in Tehran in early 1829.
most complete history of the Russian state is illuminated at the Armory.This two-story building, erected by the architect K. Ton.It contains all the thrones on which were seated in different years, the Russian autocrat.There you can witness the famous collection of Faberge eggs, as well as the saber of Minin and Pozharsky, the silver chalice of Yuri Dolgoruky, and so on. D.
current situation of the Moscow Kremlin
history of the Kremlin in Moscow has not lost its thread and in our days.At the present time, to be exact - since 1991, the Kremlin is the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.Due to this fact in the nineties throughout its territory it was carried out restoration work unimaginable.Restoration undergone such attractions as the Palace of Facets, Alexander and Andrew's Hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Senate building, etc.
Almost annually paint the walls of the Kremlin, so they do not lose their presentable and spectacular view.
organization operates
What organizations are located in the famous address "Russia, Moscow, the Kremlin?"First of all, it is an office of the President of Russia, located in the Senate Palace.The second largest site is located Russian Orthodox Church, whose headquarters is located in the Annunciation, the Archangel and Assumption Cathedral.Less important organizations with the Kremlin, is FSO - Federal Security Service - the same service, which is entrusted with important mission - the protection of senior officials of the Russian Federation.
One of the most interesting tourist attractions is a museum-reserve under the name "Moscow Kremlin", several component parts which have been described above.It was founded back in 1806 and still is one of the binding sites for examination in Moscow.
