bank's balance sheet reflects the important economic data underlying the organization of banking and improvement of the management of the bank.With the help of state authorities control the development of the monetary sector on a national scale.The bank, in turn, based on the balance of the bank evaluates the final results and the effectiveness of the activities carried out, outlines the next steps in the development of banking operations.
a balance sheet of the bank in the form of a summary table, created on the basis of categories of operations in accordance with an economically homogeneous indicators that characterize the condition of the bank account on a certain date.
balance of commercial banks is the balance sheet, which reflects the state of their own, borrowed and borrowed funds of the bank, shows how they are placed in credit and other active operations.In practice, this source of information for monitoring the formation of financial resources and their placement, state credit, cash, settlement and other banking operations, including operations with securities.
Account nomenclature is divided into banks' balance sheets and off balance sheet.
The first of these are:
- passive - are the resources of the bank intended for lending and implementation of other banking transactions, they are a reflection of banking foundations, individuals' funds of enterprises and organizations, state budget revenues, deposits, funds in the calculations, the bank's profit, accounts payable and other liabilities and borrowed funds, including the amount of refinancing that were received from other banks;
- active - payable on them shows how and in what directions to use these resources to keep records of cash in vaults of the bank, long- and short-term loans, state budget expenditures, accounts receivable, as well as other active agents.
second well, off-balance sheet, are a reflection of the movement of documents and values that enter the banking institutions on the commission, storage and collection, including the payment of state duties signs, letterheads shares, strict accountability, and others.
Bank's balance sheet are grouped by degree of liquidity in the article on the following assets:
- cash, assets on accounts with other banks, that is, reflect the "primary reserves" of liquidity;
- investing in commercial paper, short-term and long-term securities and other, that is part of a "secondary reserves" because they can be quickly turned into cash with little risk of loss;
- loans to individual borrowers, organizations, enterprises, other banks;since there is a possibility of delay in repayment, the balance of these assets relate to less liquid investments;
- investments - investments in real estate and movable property, joint ventures, subsidiaries, etc.
Accordingly economic substance of transactions in the bank's balance sheet grouped articles:
- transactions with customers, including the operation of resource mobilization and the provision of loans;
- interbank transactions, including short and long term;other operations, including investment in short-term marketable securities and other securities.
Bank's balance sheet has a standard form approved by the Bank of Russia, and is based on the following principles:
- continuity,
- efficiency, the inviolability of the opening balance,
- substance over form,
- open account,
- permanence of accounting rules,
- caution, reflected on a cash basis income and expenses,
- separate assets and liabilities.
