During the civil war on the ruins of the Russian Empire there was a lot of public entities.Some of them were relatively viable and have existed for decades, and some still exist (Poland, Finland).The life of the other limited to a few months or even days.One such state formations, which arose on the ruins of the empire was the Far Eastern Republic (DDA).
Background on DDA
At the beginning of 1920 in the Far East, the former Russian Empire was rather difficult situation.While it is in this area it is most important events of the Civil War.During the offensive, the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (Red Army) and an internal uprising collapsed so-called Kolchak Russian state with its capital in Omsk, before that controls most of Siberia and the Far East.Remains of Education adopted the name of Russia's eastern outskirts and concentrated their forces in the eastern Trans-Baikal, with the center in Chita under the leadership of Ataman Grigory Semenov.
Vladivostok won the Bolsheviks supported the uprising.But the Soviet government was in no hurry to attach directly to the region of the RSFSR, as there was a threat of a third force in the face of Japan, which has officially expressed its neutrality.At the same time, it increased its military presence in the region, clearly implying that in case of further advancement of the Soviet state in the east is open to enter into an armed confrontation with the Red Army.
Birth of the Far Eastern Republic
avoid direct confrontation of forces of the Red Army and the Japanese Army briefly seized power in Irkutsk in January 1920 SR political center had already put forward the idea of ​​establishing the Far East, a buffer state.Naturally, the leading role in it, he assigned himself.The Bolsheviks also liked the idea, but the head of the new state, they saw only the Government from among the members of the RCP (b).Under the pressure of superior forces Polittsentr was forced to give in and hand over power to Irkutsk Military Revolutionary Committee.
Education Far Eastern Republic as a buffer state especially zealously tried to implement the Irkutsk Revolutionary Committee Chairman Alexander Krasnoshchekov.To address the issue of the Far Eastern in March 1920, created a special bureau of the RCP (b).Also Krasnoshchekova most prominent members of the Far Eastern Bureau were Shiryamov Alexander and Nikolai Goncharov.That's when the active assistance of 6 April 1920 in Verkhneudinsk (today Ulan-Ude) was established new state - the Far Eastern Republic.
People's Revolutionary Army
Creating a Far Eastern Republic would not be possible without the active support of Soviet Russia.In May 1920, she officially recognized the new state.Soon, Moscow Central government began to provide comprehensive assistance to the DDA, both political and economic.But the most important at this stage of development of the state was the military support of the RSFSR.This type of assistance is primarily in the creation of on the basis of the East Siberian Soviet Army DDA own armed forces - People's Revolutionary Army (EPR).
Creating a buffer state has selected the trump card from Japan, which has officially expressed its neutrality, and she was forced to withdraw its forces from the Far East to the July 3, 1920.This allowed the NDA to achieve significant progress in the fight against hostile forces in the region, and thereby expand the territory of the Far Eastern Republic.
October 22 by the People's Revolutionary Army was busy Chita, flee Ataman Semyonov.Shortly thereafter, in the city of Verkhneudinsk government moved DDA.
After the Japanese left Khabarovsk, in the autumn of 1920 in Chita hosted a conference of representatives of the Trans-Baikal, Amur and Primorye regions, where it was decided to join these territories into a single state - DDA.Thus, by the end of 1920. The Far Eastern Republic controlled much of the Far East.
device DDA
Far Eastern Republic in the period of its existence, had a different administrative-territorial structure.Initially, it included five areas: the Trans-Baikal, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Amur and Primorye.
specific regard to the authorities, at the stage of forming the state management role DDA took over the Constituent Assembly, elected in January 1921.It adopted the Constitution, according to which the supreme authority of the National Assembly was considered.It selects the general democratic vote.Also, the Constituent Assembly appointed a government headed by A. Krasnoshchokov, which in the end of 1921 was replaced by Nikolai Matveev.
White Guard mutiny
January 26, 1921 with the support of the White Guard forces overthrew the Japanese in Vladivostok Bolshevik government, and thus brought the region from the DDA.In the Primorsky region was formed the so-called provisional priamurye government.Due to further advance the White forces by the end of 1921 on the DDA has been cut off Khabarovsk.
But with the appointment of Minister of War Blucher affairs at the Far Eastern Republic went much better.Counteroffensive was organized, during which the Whites have suffered a heavy defeat, lost Khabarovsk, and by the end of October 1922 were completely ousted from the Far East.
Accession of the Republic of the Far East to the Soviet state
Thus, the Far Eastern Republic (1920 - 1922) has completely fulfilled its purpose as a buffer state, the formation of which has not given a formal reason to join Japan in open armed confrontation with the Red Army.As a result of the expulsion of the White Guard troops from the Far East, the continued existence of the DDA was inappropriate.Matured acceding to the formation of the state of the RSFSR, which was done by 15 November 1922 at the request of the National Assembly.Far East People's Republic ceased to exist.
