war between North and South America has become one of the bloodiest phases in the formation of modern American society.For 5 years of armed conflict have not yet formed the United States, in spite of the countless victims, managed to create the ground for their future survival and development.
the United States in the XIX century and its disintegration
The first and the main reason of a military conflict between states was born at the dawn of colonization.In 1619 the first African slaves were brought to Virginia.Slave system began to take shape.Within a few decades, began to appear the first signs of future conflict.Individuals have begun to speak out against slavery.The first was Roger Williams.Step by step, began to appear the first legislation to facilitate and regulate the lives of slaves who gradually gave "human" rights are often violated their owners.
In the XIX century, when the war between North and South America has become inevitable, the Congress is still trying to find a compromise by peaceful means.So, in 1820, he was signed by the Missouri Compromise, which resulted in the area of slavery was extended.Clearly there was a slave-holding border areas.So, the South is completely alienated itself from the North.In 1854 the agreement was canceled.Also this year, the Republican Party was founded on the platform of organizations that fought against slavery.And already in 1860 he became the representative of the president of this political force Abraham Lincoln.
In the same year the US lost six southern provinces, which declared its withdrawal from the federation and the creation of the Confederate States.A few months later, after the first victory of the Confederation at Fort Sumter, to withdraw from the US said a further 5 states.Northern states have announced the mobilization - the Civil War between North and South America started.
American South and its traditions
What was the such a sharp confrontation between the states, existed side by side for centuries?We can not say that the South was completely slave and inhuman.On the contrary, in the beginning of the XIX century, there was held a large number of speeches against slavery, but by 1830 they were exhausted.
The way of the southern states was fundamentally opposed to the North.After the Mexican-American War States received huge land holdings.The fertile soil needed to handle.The planters have found a way out by buying slaves.As a result, the South was the agrarian region, requires constant labor force, which was a significant shortage.Because of cheap labor war broke out between North and South America.The essence of the conflict, according to many historians, lay deeper.
Northern states
Northern states were the absolute opposite of the bourgeois of the South.Business and enterprising North developed through industry and mechanical engineering.There was no slavery, and to encourage the civilian labor.From all corners of the world gathered here are people who dream to get rich and make a fortune.In the northern areas was conducted and establishes a flexible system of taxation, there was charity.It is recognized that, in spite of the status of free citizens, blacks in the North were second-class citizens.
reasons for the war between North and South America
- struggle for the abolition of slavery.Many historians call this item is just a political ploy of Lincoln, which is needed to strengthen its authority in Europe.
- difference between the mentality of the population of the northern and southern regions.
- northern states desire to control its southern neighbors through the majority of seats in the House of Representatives.
- dependence of the industrial revolution on the agricultural products of the South.The northern regions were buying cotton, tobacco and sugar at a subsidized rate, forcing growers to survive rather than to prosper.
course of military operations in the first period of the war
In April 1861 the Civil War began in North and South America.Historians long time could not figure out who started the armed conflict.After comparing the facts of artillery bombardments it became clear that the war unleashed southerners.
first battle and the victory of the troops of the Confederation occurred near Fort Sumter.After this defeat, President Lincoln put "in the gun" 75 thousand volunteers.He did not want the bloody resolution of the conflict and offered to repay the southern states it yourself and punish the instigators.But the war between North and South America was already inevitable.Southerners first victories inspired and eager to fight.The concepts of honor and valor of brave Southern guys did not give them the right to withdraw.And the benefits at the initial stage of the war was greater in the South - a sufficient number of trained soldiers and the commander of the composition, as well as stocks of weapons still remained after the war with Mexico.
Lincoln announced a blockade of Confederate states.
In July 1861 there was a battle on the river Bull Run, during which was won by the troops of the Confederacy.But instead of going to the offensive in the Washington, southerners chose defensive tactics, and strategic advantage has been lost.The confrontation escalated in the summer of 1861.However, if there had been smarter Southerners, it would have ended the war between North and South America.Who would win in this stage of the conflict, so it is certainly not the Federation.
In April 1862 took place one of the bloodiest battles in the Civil War, which killed six thousand people - the Battle of Shiloh.This battle, though with heavy losses, won the Allied forces, and in the same month without a single shot went into New Orleans and Memphis.
August northerners troops approached the capital of the Confederacy Richmond, but half of smaller Confederate army, led by General Lee, was able to resist them.In September, the troops again fought at Bull Run River.Now you can grab Washington, but luck again accompanied by the Confederates.
abolition of slavery
One secret trump card of Abraham Lincoln, which he taught as a root cause of conflict between states, was the abolition of slavery.And at the right moment the president took advantage of it, abolishing slavery in the rebel states, as the war between North and South America of 1861-1865 could be delayed for a longer period.
In September, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation in the warring states of the Union.In peaceful areas of slavery persisted.
So, the president of one shot kill two birds with one stone.He announced himself to the world as a man fighting for the civil rights of the black population.Now, Europe is not able to help the Confederacy.On the other hand, a single stroke of the pen, he increased the size of its army.
second stage of the war
In May 1863, the second phase of the military campaign.The war between North and South America was renewed with a new zeal.
In early July launched the epochal battle of Gettysburg, which lasted several days, which resulted in the Confederate troops were forced to retreat.This defeat took thousands of lives and break the morale of the South, they have resisted, but without much success.
July 4, 1863 Vicksburg fell to the General Grant.Lincoln immediately appointed him commander of the army of northerners.From that moment began a confrontation between two tactical generals - Lee and Grant.
Atlanta, Savannah, Charleston - a city in the country under the control of Union troops.President Lincoln Davis sent a letter inviting the world, but the North had to obedience to the South, not equality.
war between North and South America in the 19th century ended with the surrender of Confederate forces, noble South fell, and business and an avid North won.
Results
- abolition of slavery.
- US federal stayed holistic education.
- Representatives Northern states got the majority of seats in the House and pushed necessary for business and industry laws hit the "purses" southerners.
- More than 600 thousand people were killed.
- beginning of the industrial revolution in the southern regions, total industrialization.
- Expansion of the single market of the USA.
- development of trade unions and social organizations.
These results led the war between North and South America.The name she received a Civic.This bloody confrontation between their citizens in the United States was no more.
