part of speech is the category of words, which is determined by morphological and syntactic features.The world is opposed to the name of the lexicon (split further to a noun, adjective, etc.) and a verb.Adopted as the classification of parts of speech in accordance with the functions performed.Thus, they can be official and independent.
special form of the verb
In domestic science have four views on gerunds as part of speech.Grammatical meaning of this category, morphological features and syntactic role is caused by feature of this form.Participle in Russian language combines the features and value of the adverb and verb.
Determination
According to Vinogradov, a special, adverbial, verbal hybrid category.Virgin considers gerunds to adverbs.In accordance with the encyclopedic information, these words and phrases are considered a special verbal unchanged, nespryagaemoy attributive form.As defines "gerund" Grade 7 curriculum?This category is a special verb form indicating further action against the background of the main expressed by the verb.Gerund answers the question "what to do?", "What doing?", "How?", "When?"
Signs
gerund as parts of speech combine the features of an adverb and a verb.The main feature is that they represent the action, additional to the core.Gerund is a verbal form and also as a verb form (imperfect and perfect).This category has the "reflexivity" (eg, catching - nevozvr. Clinging - return temp.).Gerund as parts of speech apply to nouns, pronouns, adverbs.With dependent words are formed momentum.Gerund as parts of speech and signs adverbs have not changed, characterize both the main action, illustrating when, how, why, etc.it is committed.The proposal, they serve as circumstances referring to the verb-predicate.
Morphological analysis
There are several signs that determine the gerunds as parts of speech, and sets them apart from other forms.Besides that it is formed from a verb, it contains, typically suffixes such as -a -shi, -vshi, -I.The verbal participle phrases addicted to words you can ask a question.Morphological analysis must be carried out in accordance with a definite plan:
- general grammatical meaning.
- morphological features:
- undefined (initial) verbal form;
- immutability;
- look repayment.
3. The syntactic role.
As a sample, you can give an example of a written analysis.
"rushing, running brook"
- word "murmuring" - a special verb form - gerund.Indicates additional to the main action: running as?- Murmuring.
- initial form - splatter;Nessov.in., is not changed.
- Obst of mode of action.
Oral examination
word "murmuring" is a gerund - a special verbal categories.In the first place it shows additional to the main action (running-rushing).Derived from the verb "to splatter" (beg. Form).The present participle does not change, it is an imperfect appearance.As part of the proposal, this form acts as the circumstances of manner.
viewed as a way of verbal forms?What are the different types of gerunds?
considered forms of the verb may fall into one of two categories.Gerund imperfective illustrate additional unfinished action.It occurs simultaneously with the process, as expressed by the verb.This type is formed using the suffix -n, yet, on the basis of form defining the action in real time.For example: reading, reading, flying, flying, and others.From the verb with the suffix -va- education gerunds derived from the infinitive: to learn-learning.From a series of words that describe the action, the verb form is not formed: flow, beat, cherish, and other tear.Participle perfect form shows additional action ended.It usually takes place prior to the beginning of the process, which expresses a verb.The formation of this form is carried out using the suffixes -vshi, -shi, -to based on vague verbal form: deceived, deceived, become sad, sad, and others.From a number of words that illustrate the effect can be formed Double Turnover: dry-prosohnuv, dried out, dried out;otpershi-unlocked, unlocked, unlocking.
tense base
In some cases, gerunds used to form the shape of the future tense.To form gerunds used suffixes -I, s: read, reading, come, come.Categories derived from the verb stem last time using the suffix.-vshi- (Who knew the former, groin, ehavshi, Lisa, etc.) are considered obsolete.As a rule, they are little used, rare.Previously, they used to refer to actions that only committed to date "when they saw what was happening, he grabbed a pitchfork," "Having said that, she sat down."Currently used with the suffix -vshis formed from the verb form of the return:-blab blabbed, wash, washing up, starve-Starved dec-dec and others.
Separation
not allocated using punctuation marks (commas) single gerunds, adverbs belonging to the category of: sitting, standing, lying down, silently, joking, slowly, and others.These forms do not illustrate the additional effect.For example:
Read lying is bad, it is necessary to read the sitting.
He walked slowly (ie slow).
She spoke excitedly (excitedly, then).
In these and similar cases gerund shows no further action, but a sign of the main process.Unlike, for example, this sentence: "It is necessary to read, sitting at a normal table and good lighting."There gerundive serves to illustrate additional steps.Do not ring-fenced turns of phrase, stable expression, which are considered part of verbal forms.These structures, in particular, include the following: work hard, screaming myself not remembering run headlong and others.In other cases, verbal participle phrases - expressions containing sensitive word - always stand by commas.
syntactic role
gerundive usually adjacent to a constructive verbal predicate.The structure of the proposal, this form serves as the circumstances are not conjugated.Less gerund may be adjacent to the name of the predicate, which may be expressed concise adjective or a noun.The design of this proposal as a part of the verb form denotes additional action that accompanies the process, carrying the main idea of the predicate.This gerund may be replaced with a conjugated verb form.Similar constructions are present in various Indo-European dialects - Latin, French.Gerund used in Eskimo, Hungarian, Turkish languages.The design vocabulary of other countries may be cited as a gerund.Some languages have no separate forms for the given verbal construction.Such a situation, for example, in the English language, where the role of gerunds serves communion.
