drama "The Lower Depths" is a landmark product in the creative biography of Gorky.Description characters of the play "The Lower Depths" will be presented in this article.
This work was written at a crucial time for the country.In Russia, in the 90 years of XIX century it bursts into a serious economic crisis.The masses of impoverished, ruined peasants after each crop failure left in search of work from the villages.Shutting down factories.Without livelihood and shelter were thousands of people.This led to what appeared a large number of "tramps", sank to the bottom of life.
who lived in shelters?
Enterprising owners slums, using the fact that people are in a desperate situation, found out how to get the fetid cellars favor.They have turned them into the rooming house in which lived the poor, the unemployed, thieves, vagrants and other representatives of the "bottom".This work was written in 1902.Heroes of the play "The Lower Depths" - such people.
Maxim Gorky throughout the career person interested in a man, the mystery of his inner world.Feelings and thoughts, hopes and dreams, weakness and strength - all this is reflected in the product.Heroes of the play "The Lower Depths" - people who lived in the early XX century, when the old world was crumbling, and there is a new life.However, they differ from the others in that rejected by society.These people are the "bottom" rogue.Icky and scary place in which they live Vaska Pepel, Bubnov, Actor, Satin and others.As described by Gorky, this cellar-like cave.Its ceiling - stone arches with crumbling plaster, blackened.Why "at the bottom" of life turned out to be the inhabitants of the rooming house that led them here?
Heroes of the play "The Lower Depths": table
| hero | both appeared at the "bottom" | characteristic hero | dream |
| Bubnov | owned in the past, paint shop.However, he was forced to leave the circumstances.Bubnov's wife took up with the wizard. | believe that a person can not change destiny.Therefore Bubnov just drifting.Shows often skepticism, cruelty, lack of positive qualities. | difficult to determine, given the negative attitude to the world of the hero. |
| Nastya | Life made this character to become a prostitute.And this is the social bottom. | romantic and dreamy lady living love stories. | He dreams for a long time on the net, and a great love, while continuing to practice their profession. |
| Baron | was last present baron, but lost wealth. | Taunts slum rooming house does not accept, still live in the past. | wants to return to his former position again became a wealthy man. |
| Alyosha | Merry and drunken cobbler, do not try to never get up from the bottom, where he led lightheadedness. | As he says himself, does not want anything.Statement says that it is "good" and "fun". | Everyone is always happy, it's hard to say about his needs.Her dream is most likely a "warm breeze" and "eternal sunshine." |
| Vaska Ashes | It is a hereditary thief, who was sitting in jail twice. | weak character, a man in love. | wants to go to Siberia with Natalia and become a good citizen, started a new life. |
| Actor | sink to the bottom because of drunkenness. | Cites often literary works. | dreamed of finding a job, recover from alcoholism and out of the rooming house. |
| Luca | this mysterious stranger.About him we know not much. | teaches empathy, kindness, comforting heroes, directs them. | Dreams to help those in need. |
| Satin | killed a man, as a result got 5 years in prison. | believe that man must be no consolation, and respect. | Dreams convey to people his philosophy. |
What ruined the lives of these people?
addiction to alcohol killed Actor.By his own admission, before he had a good memory.Now the actor believes that all is over for him.Vaska Pepel - representative of the "thieves' dynasty."This hero had no choice but to continue his father's business.He says that even as a child, had already called him a thief.Bubnov former furrier shop left because of his wife's infidelity, and out of fear of his wife's lover.He went bankrupt, then went to serve in a "state chamber," which makes embezzlement.One of the most colorful figures in the work - is Satin.He was a former telegraph operator, and was imprisoned for the murder of a man insulted his sister.
People blame the inhabitants of a doss house?
Practically all the characters of the play "The Lower Depths" tend to blame in the current situation is not himself, and life circumstances.Perhaps if they were different, nothing much would have changed, and still nochlezhnikov would have suffered the same fate.The phrase, which said Bubnov, confirms this.He admitted that in fact propyl workshop.
Apparently, the reason for the fall of all these people is their lack of a moral core that makes up a person's personality.Can lead to the actor as an example: "Why die? Faith I did not have ..."
There was a chance to live a different life?
creating the characters of the play "The Lower Depths", the author has given to each of them the opportunity to live a different life.That is the choice they had.However, each first test ended in the collapse of life.Baron, for example, could not improve their business by stealing public funds and investing in profitable business, available to him.
Satin punish the offender could be another way.As for Vaska Ashes, surely the earth there would be few places on himself and his last one would not have known?The same can be said of many of the inhabitants of a doss house.Futures do not have, but in the past they have not had a chance to get here.However, the heroes of the play "The Lower Depths" did not use them.
The console themselves with the characters?
He is now the only live unfulfilled hopes and illusions.Baron, Bubnov and actor living memories of the past.The dream of true love pampered prostitute Nastja.This characteristic of the heroes of the play "The Lower Depths" is complemented by the fact that these people rejected by society, humiliated, are endless debates about the moral and spiritual problems.Although it would be logical to talk about their daily bread, as they live from hand to mouth.Author's description of the characters of the play "The Lower Depths" says that they take issues such as freedom, truth, equality, work, love, happiness, law, talent, honesty, pride, compassion, conscience, compassion, patience, death, peaceand much more.It excites them and even more important issue.They reason that a man why he was born, what is the true meaning of life.Philosophers rooming house can be called Luka, Satin, Bubnov.
Except Bubnov, all the characters works "doss" lifestyle reject.They hope for a good turn of fortune, who with their "bottom" will make the surface.Ticks, for example, says that he is working at an early age (the hero -slesar), so out of here without fail."Now, wait a minute ... the wife will die ..." he says.Actor, the chronic drinker, hopes to find a luxury clinic, which miraculously returned to him health, strength, talent, memory, and the audience's applause.Anna unhappy sufferer, dreaming of peace and bliss of the afterlife, in which she will be rewarded, finally, for flour and patience.Vaska Pepel, this desperate hero kills Kostyleva, rooming house owner, as he considers the latest incarnation of evil.Dream it - to go to Siberia, where he will start with my girlfriend a new life.
role of Luke in the product
support these illusions Luke wanderer.He is adept at comforter and preacher.Maxim Gorky this character depicted as a doctor who believes all terminally ill people and sees his calling to alleviate their pain and hide it from them.However, at every step of life refutes the position of the hero.Anna, which he promises in heaven divine retribution, all of a sudden wants to "live a little longer ...".Believing at first in recovery from alcoholism, the actor brings to the end of the play their own lives.Vaska Ashes determines the true value of all these consolations Luke.He argues that the "fairy tale says" nice, because so little of the world of good.
Opinion Satin
Sincere compassion for the inhabitants of the rooming house full of Luke, but can not change anything, help people live a different life.In his monologue Satine rejects this attitude, because it considers it demeaning, implying inconsistency and wretchedness of those for whom the pity.The main characters of the play "The Lower Depths" Satin and Luke express opposing views.Satin says that a person must be respected and not to humiliate him with pity.These words probably reflect the opinions of the author: "Man! ... .. It sounds proud!"
further fate of the heroes
What will be in the future with all these people, whether to change something the characters of the play "The Lower Depths" Gorky?It is easy to imagine their fate.For example, tick.He's trying to get at the beginning of the work with the "bottom".He thinks that when his wife dies, everything will change magically better.However, after the death of the spouse tick remains of tools and money and gloomy singing along with others: "I do not run away."In fact, he did not run away like the other inhabitants of the rooming house.
What is salvation?
Are there any way to save the "bottom", and what are they?Resolute output may reveal this uneasy position in Satin speech when he talks about the truth.He believes that the appointment of a strong man - to eradicate evil, and not to comfort the afflicted, like Luke.This is one of the most solid convictions of Maxim Gorky."From the bottom" can rise people just learning to respect themselves, finding self-esteem.Then they will be able to wear the proud title of Man.It has to be earned, according to Gorky.
Declaring his belief in the creative power, ability and intelligence of a free man, Maxim Gorky argued ideas of humanism.The author understood that the lips of satin, drunken tramp, a word about the free and the proud man sounded artificial.However, they had to play sound, expressing the ideals of the writer.This speech was to tell no one, except satin.
Gorky work denied the basic principles of idealism.This idea of humility, forgiveness, non-resistance.He made it clear, for what the future convictions.This is shown by the fate of the heroes of the play "The Lower Depths."Faith in human permeated the entire work.
